A California Stem Cell Tale: The Search for a Treatment for Paralyzing Spinal Injuries

Ed Wirth of Asterias, photo by Gabrielle Luri, SF Chronicle 

The San Francisco Chronicle, in a lengthy and dramatic article this week, reported on the story of the first clinical trial in the United States for a human embryonic stem cell treatment, a tale that continues today and well into the years ahead. 

The story involves paralyzing spinal injuries, incurable afflictions, walking rats, Geron, Asterias Biotherapeutics and BioTime and the economics of development of a stem cell therapy. That is not to mention the California stem cell agency, which has pumped more than $20 million into the effort.

The story was written by Erin Allday and is the third installment in a series involving stem cell research and treatments, both legitimate and illegitimate.

Her story began like this:

"Amid the controlled chaos of the operating room, Edward Wirth stood to the side, watching the surgeon slice open the back of the young man on the table....

"The surgeon nudged aside skin and a thin layer of muscle and clamped them out of the way. He chipped away bony vertebrae, exposing the shiny, smooth rope of the spinal cord. His scalpel slid into the membrane surrounding it.

"Wirth stepped forward, just beyond the surgeon’s shoulder, close by for these last steps. The surgical team moved a robotic arm holding a syringe into place. It was loaded with millions of immature support cells that had been meticulously crafted from stem cells, the cells that are the foundation of the human body, able to transform and reproduce indefinitely."

Wirth is a scientist who has been involved with the research since its early days at Geron of Menlo Park, Ca.. He has put in more than 20 years on the effort. Asterias Biotherapeutics of Fremont, Ca., which is associated with BioTime of Alameda, is currently handling the effort to create a treatment for spinal cord injuries.

The $3 billion California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), as the agency is formally known, has provided a total of $20.7 million for the effort, first with Geron and now with Asterias.

Allday detailed the ups and downs, financial and scientific, of the research. She peered into the future and wrote that "it will take years to produce a marketable, federally approved therapy -- assuming their research makes it that far."

Nonetheless, she reported,

"Clinical trials like the one run by Asterias are scientists’ most ambitious attempts to harness the potential of what remains an elusive medical marvel. And the work at Asterias exemplifies both the incredible progress that’s been made in stem cell research and the great distance the field has yet to go before life-changing therapies are widely available.

"Riding on Asterias’ success isn’t just the fate of a single company or the careers of scientists like Wirth. Potentially, tens of thousands of patients every year could benefit directly from its therapy — and millions more if its research leads to further advances."

The fourth and final article in the Chronicle series is now scheduled to appear on Sept. 6  and will take a look at the California stem cell agency.

Expansive Media Series on California's Stem Cell Agency as It Nears Cash Cutoff

Lead photo on Chronicle stem cell series, photo by Gary Wathen

The San Francisco Chronicle today kicked off a major look at California's $3 billion stem cell agency with a multimedia presentation that covered everything from stem cells and how they work to the desperation and hope of patients with all-but-untreatable afflictions..

The four-part series will roll out over the next six weeks in the Chronicle, which says it reaches 1.7 million persons weekly in the San Francisco Bay Area via both print and electronic means. The series looks to be the most expansive look ever at the agency, which is formally known as the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM).

The Chronicle effort, which has been many months in the making, comes as the agency is facing its lingering demise unless efforts to raise more billions are successful. CIRM expects to run out of cash for new awards by the end of next year. It is attempting to raise privately more than $200 million to bridge a financial gap with the hope that voters will approve a yet-to-be-written, $5 billion bond measure in November 2020.

The series is likely to have a significant foundational role in more news coverage of the agency as it nears its cash cutoff. As a starting point, reporters will be examining the Chronicle's work and other previous coverage of CIRM, which has all but vanished from news pages and news screens of California readers.

Patient Hopes and Unregulated Treatments

The initial installment in the Chronicle series, written by Erin Allday, had little specific to say about the agency, but dwelt on patients' hopes of finding unregulated stem cell therapies both within California and outside of the state. One piece served as a primer and was called "What Are Stem Cells and How Do They Work." The other two major pieces were headlined,

"In Search of a Miracle: She Tried Everything to Heal Her Son; Stem Cells Were Her Last Hope"

and

"Driven by Desperation: Out of Options, Six Patients Turn to Stem Cells."

An editor's note tied to the series said,

"'The Miracle Cell' explores the hope and reality of the revolutionary science of stem cell therapy. It focuses on what has transpired since 2004, when California voters approved a $3 billion bond measure to fund stem cell research with the promise that it soon would produce new treatments for incurable diseases.

"In four parts, it follows the stories of patients desperately seeking remedies; probes the for-profit clinics where unproven and unregulated treatments are being offered; takes you into the labs and hospital rooms where scientists are testing new therapies; and provides a comprehensive accounting of what California’s multibillion-dollar bet on stem cells has achieved."

The main piece today dealt with a nine-year-old boy from Scott's Valley, Ca., who received stem cell treatments in Tijuana. The story also documented the "powerful allure" of the therapies. Allday wrote,

"In 2004, California voters were so convinced that cures from stem cells were close at hand that they approved Proposition 71, a $3 billion bond measure to pay for research that the federal government would not.

"Nearly 15 years later, no proven therapy has emerged. But some doctors already claim to have tapped stem cells’ potential. And some patients refuse to wait any longer to seek treatment."

Asterias and Paralysis 

One of the six profiles of patients involved Mary Ambery, 59, who was paralyzed from the neck down in a fall in 2017. She is now engaged in a clinical trial run by Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc., of Fremont, Ca.  The Chronicle reported, 

"Before the transplant, she had almost no movement in the muscles that allow her to bend her arms at the elbows and rotate her wrists. She couldn’t pinch her thumb and forefinger together. She couldn’t feed herself or comb her hair, couldn’t use a smartphone or a pen.

"More than a year after the surgery, she can do her own makeup and hair. She can use a fork, but needs help cutting up her food. She can text with her friends, she can write 'pretty legibly.'"

The story did not mention that Asterias' work has been supported by $21 million from the California stem cell agency.  

The next installments in the series are likely to contain more details on the Golden State's stem cell program. Here are the one-word topics and expected dates of publication: Clinics, July 25; Research, Aug. 8, and Progress, Aug. 22.

A Man Named Lucas and the Future of the California Stem Cell Agency

Lucas Lindner, photo by Cait Covers the Bases

The news last fall from a California stem cell firm was leaden and dense. Terms such as "Phase 1/2a SCiStar study" and "Full enrollment of Cohort 3 (AIS-A; 20 million AST-OPC1 cells)" littered the company's statement. 

Today the state's $3 billion stem cell agency turned the jargon into a heart-warming, human story -- the type that is critical to sustaining the life of the 13-year-old research effort, which is running out of cash.

The story involves Asteria Biotherapeutics, Inc., of Fremont, the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine(CIRM), as the stem cell agency is formally known, a clinical trial for a treatment for spinal injury and a young man named Lucas Lindner.

He is one of the patients in Asterias' clinical trial for a human embryonic stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury.  CIRM has funneled $21 million into the research. 

Writing on the agency's blog, Kevin McCormack, senior director for CIRM communications, said,

"On a Sunday morning in early 2016, Lucas Lindner was driving to get some donuts for his grandmother. A deer jumped in front of his truck. Lucas swerved to avoid it and crashed, suffering a severe spinal cord injury that left him paralyzed from the neck down."

But after the treatment, McCormack wrote,

"Lucas can now type 40 words a minute, use a soldering iron and touch his pinkie to his thumb, something he couldn’t do after the accident.

"In August of last year Lucas did something else he never imagined he would be able to do, he threw out the first pitch at a Milwaukee Brewers baseball game. At the time, he said 'I’m blown away by the fact that I can pitch a ball again.'"

Of course, there are scientific caveats and qualifications in the story. But what the tale really can do is resonate with nearly all California voters if the story ever reaches them.

Those voters are key to continuing the work of the agency, which expects to run out of state funds in 2019 and is hoping that voters will pump an additional $5 billion into the agency through a bond measure on the November 2020 ballot. (A private fund-raising effort is underway to bridge the cash gap.)

The agency has largely functioned in obscurity during the last 10 years or so. Its story is not well known by the public. And it has yet to help finance a therapy that is available to the general public. But CIRM's 44 clinical trials, including the one by Asterias, provide hope for patients and the agency.

The key lies, however, in how the story is told and how well CIRM supporters can turn mind-numbing scientific jargon and public policy issues into compelling yarns that will open both the hearts and purses of California voters.

The California Stem Cell Story: Key to Extending the Life of a $3 Billion Agency

An Asterias video carried by KQED as part of its story on a CIRM-backed stem cell therapy. 

Just before Halloween, the $3 billion California stem cell agency chalked up another PR score with a long, favorable piece on a public television station that covers the San Francisco Bay area.

The story focused on a potential therapy for spinal cord injury developed by Asterias Therapeutics, Inc., of Menlo Park, Ca. The audience for the story was also critically important -- millions of voters who may well be asked to provide more billions for the stem cell agency, which is slated to run out of cash in mid 2020.

The piece by David Gorn carried caveats, but it also used quotations such as "incredibly exciting" and phrases such as "truly remarkable." And it noted -- relatively high in the story -- that the research is backed by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), as the stem cell agency is formally known.

Gorn wrote,

"The trial is legitimate. It’s partially funded by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, the state’s stem cell agency; well-known spinal experts are participating; and the FDA has certified the treatment as one that preliminary clinical evidence indicates has the 'potential to address unmet medical needs' related to a 'serious or life-threatening disease or condition.'"

The good news about the Asterias therapy has been written about before. But it is far from a topic that is talked about at California breakfast tables. 

The agency's activities -- good, bad or indifferent -- are well out of the coverage of the mainstream media, a sharp change from its early days in 2005 and 2006. Raising its profile -- favorably -- is a daunting task given that science writers have virtually vanished from the mainstream media -- all part of the shrinking world of today's journalism. 

In the last couple of years, however, the agency has stepped up its funding of clinical trials, which are the last stage before a therapy is approved for widespread use. Although clinical trials can take years to complete, their initial results can resonate with the public in a way that basic research does not. Seeing a person overcome an affliction is far more compelling than watching a mouse recuperate. 

CIRM's efforts are additionally hampered by a convention in science journalism that tends to minimize the importance of sources of funding. In most cases, it is mentioned only at the end of articles. Sometimes it is omitted entirely. 

CIRM, however, is a grand, California experiment that took up the cause of stem cell research when it was suffering from a lack of attention from risk averse companies and a lack of support from the federal government. Many of the 921 projects that the agency has funded may have never gotten off the ground without support from the voters of California, who created the agency in 2004 through a ballot initiative. 

CIRM additionally carries policy implications that go beyond bench science. It is the first such effort in state history, marrying big science, big academia, big business  and big politics in a unique way in California.

If the agency is to continue financing research to the tune of $300 million a year, it is almost certain to need another ballot measure. And to win voter approval once again, CIRM will need a vault filled with stories of accomplishment and human emotion that will resonate with the voters of the Golden State.

(Editor's note: The next to last paragraph is slightly rewritten from an earlier version of this item.)

California Stem Cell Agency Reports 'Streak of Good News' on Asterias Spinal Therapy

Asterias video

California's $3 billion stem cell program today reported ongoing rosy results in a clinical trial involving a therapy for severe spinal cord injury.

The treatment is being developed Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc., of Fremont, Ca., with $14.3 million from the state research program, which is now in its 12th year.

The latest news was reported on The Stem Cellar, the agency's blog, and was based on a news release from Asterias, which is publicly traded. 

Todd Dubnicoff, the agency's multimedia editor, wrote the item which discussed nine-month results for the trial involving six patients paralyzed from the neck down. He said,

"In a nut shell, their improvements in arm, hand and finger movement seen at the earlier time points have persisted and even gotten better at 9 months."

Dubnicoff said that the level of improvement "can mean the difference between needing 24-hour a day home care versus dressing, feeding and bathing themselves."

He said,

"The impact of this level of improvement cannot be overstated. As mentioned in the press release, regaining these abilities, 'can result in lower healthcare costs, significant improvements in quality of life, increased ability to engage in activities of daily living, and increased independence.'"

In the Asterias press release, Edward Wirth, chief medical officer for the company, said,

“The new efficacy results show that previously reported meaningful improvements in arm, hand and finger function in the 10 million cell cohort treated with AST-OPC1 cells have been maintained and in some patients have been further enhanced even 9 months following dosing. We are increasingly encouraged by these continued positive results, which are remarkable compared with spontaneous recovery rates observed in a closely matched untreated patient population.”

The company also reported that no "serious adverse events" have surfaced that could be attributed to the therapy, which was initially developed  by Geron, Inc., which received $6.4 million from the stem cell agency. Geron abandoned the trial for financial reasons, and Asterias acquired the technology.

Aserias' stock price jumped nearly 13 percent today, hitting $3.55. Its 52 week high is $5.80 and its 52-week low is $2.30.

A Nearly Three-Decade-Long Stem Cell Tale in California

Kris Boesen, patient in Asterias trial -- photo from CIRM

One could say that the latest news involving human embryonic stem cell research and the California stem cell agency stretches back nearly 27 years. 

It was then -- in 1990 -- that Geron, Inc., was incorporated by Michael West who began what eventually turned into a quest for a stem cell therapy for treatment of spinal cord injury.

Yesterday, the Golden State's stem cell research effort carried an item on its blog, The Stem Cellar, dealing with the latest chapter in that quest. The headline said,

"Full Steam Ahead: First Patient is Dosed in Expanded CIRM Spinal Cord Injury Trial"

In the piece, Karen Ring, website manager for the stem cell agency, celebrated the latest patient news concerning the trial which is backed by a Menlo Park, Ca., company called Asterias Biotherapeutics.  Ring said,  

"Inspiring stories like that of Kris Boesen, who was the first AIS-A patient to get 10 million cells in the Asterias trial and now has regained the use of his arms and legs, are the reason why CIRM exists and why we are working so hard to fund promising clinical trials. If we can develop even one stem cell therapy that gives patients back their life, then our efforts here at CIRM will be worthwhile."

Michael West, Biotime photo

The tale of  Michael West, his research and his companies is long and convoluted. The short version is that he is now co-CEO of Biotime, Inc., of Alameda, Ca., which spawned in 2012 Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc., of  Menlo Park, Ca. 

Geron is out of the business of human embryonic stem cell research. In 2011, it abandoned the nation's first-ever hESC trial for financial reasons. The effort was sold to Asterias in 2013. In 2014, the $3 billion California stem cell agency jumped in with $14.3 million for Asterias. 

 Asterias' stock closed at $4.56 yesterday. Its 52-week high stood at $5.75. Its 52-week low was $2.30. 

Good Safety News in Asterias California Stem Cell Trial

Jake Javier and family -- Javier family photo

For 18-year-old Jake Javier, it's a small matter of 10 million stem cells. And hope.

Javier is one of the patients in a clinical trial backed by $14.3 million from California's stem cell agency, which announced today some good news about the safety of that research.

For Javier, however, the details about "efficacy cohorts" and "AST-OPC1" were a little more personal. The former high school football player is paralyzed from the chest down as the result of a swimming pool accident in June on the eve of his high school graduation.

Today he is one of a handful of patients enrolled in the spinal cord clinical trial by Asterias Biotherapeutics of Menlo Park, Ca., which picked up the human embryonic stem cell trial after it was abandoned by Geron in 2011.

The $3 billion stem cell agency announced today that Asterias "has cleared two key safety hurdles and been given approval to expand the therapy to a larger group of patients with a much higher dose of cells."

The next step is to insert 20 million stem cells into patients, up from the 10 million that Javier received.

Javier, who played football at San Ramon Valley High School, has been the subject of widespread media attention and fund-raising, including considerable reporting by San Francisco Bay Area television station KTVU.

Writing today on the stem cell agency's blog, The Stem Cellar, Kevin McCormack, senior director for communications, said,

"For people like Jake Javier this news is not about numbers or data, it’s personal. Earlier this summer Jake broke his neck at a pool party, celebrating graduating from high school. It left him paralyzed from the chest down with extremely limited use of his arms and hands. On July 7^th Jake was enrolled in the Asterias trial, and had ten million cells transplanted into his neck.

"It could be months, even as much as one year, before we know if those cells are having any beneficial effect on Jake. But at least for now we know they don’t seem to be having any negative effects."

McCormack wrote,

“Our focus is always on the patient, so making sure a potential therapy is safe is an important first step,” says C. Randal Mills, Ph.D., the President and CEO of CIRM. “I recently met with Jake Javier, a young man who was treated in this trial, and heard first-hand what he and his family are going through in the aftermath of his injury. But I also saw a young man with remarkable courage and determination. It is because of Jake, and the others who volunteer to take part in clinical trials, that progress is possible. They are true heroes.”

For more on Javier and the research see: Facebook and the stem cell agency progress report.

Left to right, Dr. Marco Lee, a member of the transplant team, Jake Javier,
 his mother, Isabelle, and Randy Mills, president of the California Institute for
Regenerative Medicine, as the stem cell agency is formally known. 

A Look at Spinal Cord Injury Treatments from California's Stem Cell Agency

The California stem cell agency today took to the Internet to conduct a nearly hour-long video briefing concerning the state of stem cell treatments for spinal cord injury.

The Google Hangout event featured Jane Lebkowski, president of research and development for Asterias Biotherapeutics of Menlo Park, Ca., which is involved in an early stage clinical trial for a human embryonic stem cell therapy.

The firm is backed by $14.3 million from the stem cell agency. Asterias is carrying forward the Geron spinal cord trial, which that company abandoned for financial reasons. Asterias expects to enroll more patients next year.

She and Kevin Whittlesey, a science officer with the state agency, discussed the multiple stem cell approaches involving spinal injuries that have surfaced since Geron began the first trial with human embryonic stem cells in 2010.

Lebkowski said that first stage of her firm’s trials demonstrated the initial safety of the treatment. She also said it showed some evidence of “preferential restoration” and “prevention of further deterioration.” The patients involved were treated less than a month after their injuries.

Whittlesey gave an overview of other research around the country. He commented on a case in Poland in which one paralyzed man is reportedly now walking with the help of a walker following treatment with cells from his nasal cavity. The cells were extracted by going in through his skull.

Whittlesey said that it is “hard to draw any conclusions from this one patient.” He said the man “enjoyed significant benefit.” However, he said that it is not possible to attribute the benefits entirely to the cell treatment because the experiment was not scientifically controlled.

California’s stem cell agency has put together a healthy portfolio of Webinars, You Tube videos and Google Hangouts involving a wide range of issues. It is all part of its effort to inform the public and spread good news about its $3 billion program.

However, today’s effort demonstrated the difficulty in drawing an audience. Spinal cord injuries affect as many as an estimated 332,000 persons in this country.  Despite promotion online, in the social media and notices in some publications, only 39 persons checked in for today’s Hang Out.

Kevin McCormack, who hosted the event and who is the director of communications for the agency, said that it is pretty much the pattern for these sort of events. The payoff, he said, is the 1,000 or more viewers that are picked up as people go to You Tube to view the video event.   We might add that the information is current, authoritative and useful, although at times a tad technical for non-scientists.

Asterias Stock Price Jumps Nearly 13 Percent Today Following hESC Therapy News

The California stem cell agency and Asterias Biotherapeutics today picked up a modicum of news coverage in connection with an advance on a spinal injury therapy that was once hailed as historic.

The news about the Menlo Park, Ca., firm’s clinical trial received major attention in the San Francisco Chronicle and more modest coverage in the San Francisco Business Times and on the ipscell.com blog.  

The news also helped to push the Asterias stock price up nearly 13 percent since yesterday to close at $3.08 today. The stock closed at $2.43 Tuesday, the day before the company released the clinical trial news, according to Google Finance.

Stephanie Lee’s piece in the Chronicle contained some history about the potential therapy, dating back to when it was developed by Geron and then abandoned. Geron was the first firm to win approval of a clinical trial for a human embryonic stem cell (hESC) treatment.

Lee also had a couple of interesting tidbits, including the fact that the stem cell agency’s $14.3 million award to support the trial will cover half its costs. Lee also reported,

“Geron treated severe injuries in the thoracic region of the spinal cord, which runs along the back. Asterias is targeting injuries that originate in the neck, citing an outside study that suggests injuries in this area are easier to treat.”

Enal Razvi
Select Biosciences photo

Lee additionally quoted Enal Razvi, managing director of Select Biosciences U.S., an international life sciences consulting firm with its U.S. headquarters in Fremont, Ca.,  as saying,

"This is just the start of a trial, not the approval of a drug, which are two very, very different things in this space…(but) this helps things go to the next level." 

The Chronicle story was the No. 1 story late afternoon today in Google news search results using the term "stem cell," ranking ahead of the STAP news out of Japan.

Paul Knoepfler, a UC Davis scientists who writes the ipscell blog, carried a Q&A with Jane Lebkowski, president of research and development at Asterias, who discussed another hESC product. She said,

“A second Asterias product is AST-VAC2, which are human embryonic stem cell derived dendritic cells. These cells are modified to express telomerase, a protein typically expressed in cancer cells. The aim is to use these telomerase expressing dendritic cells to stimulate immune responses against cancer cells. We are now preparing for clinical trials with this product.” 

That effort could well find its way to additional funding from the California stem cell agency if it meets the four-point criteria of the new president, Randy Mills, of the $3 billion research program.

In the San Francisco Business Times piece, Ron Leuty noted that the initial five-patient safety trial showed that “spinal cord injuries in four the patients had shrunk.” Leuty wrote,

“Whether that means Geron’s treatment is working in those patients is an open question. Geron’s study looked only at acute, or new, spinal cord injuries, so some of the results could be connected to normal healing over time.”

California's Stem Cell Trial for Spinal Cord Injury Moves Forward

A California firm, backed by $14.3 million in state cash, today announced that it has received a federal go-ahead to advance its clinical trial involving a human embryonic (hESC) therapy for cervical spinal cord injury.

Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc., of Menlo Park, said in a press release that it is currently selecting clinical trial sites and expects to enroll patients beginning early next year. The trial is the continuation of an effort that Geron abandoned in 2011 for financial reasons.

Pedro Lichtinger, president and CEO of Asterias, said,

  “We are especially enthusiastic about working with our new partner, (the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine or CIRM), in executing this clinical trial. The FDA clearance provides Asterias with imminent access to the previously announced $14.3 million CIRM grant, which provides non-dilutive funding to support both the clinical trial and other product development activities for AST-OPC1.”

The phase 1/2a trial will involve doses of up to 10 times higher than what was used earlier. Up to 13 patients will be treated within 14 to 30 days after their injury occurred. The hope is that it will be easier to detect the efficacy of the treatment with such dosages.

As for the early stage trial involving five patients, the company said,

“These five patients were administered a low dose of two million AST-OPC1 cells and have been followed to date for 2 to 3 years. No serious adverse events were observed associated with the delivery of the cells, the cells themselves, or the short-course immunosuppression regimen used.  There was no evidence of expanding masses, expanding cysts, infections, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, increased inflammation, neural tissue deterioration or immune responses targeting AST-OPC1 in these patients.  In four of the five subjects, serial MRI scans performed throughout the 2 to 3 year follow-up period indicate that reduced spinal cord cavitation may have occurred and that AST-OPC1 may have had some positive effects in reducing spinal cord tissue deterioration.”

Asterias was awarded the cash by the California stem cell agency in May. (See here and here.)

Randy Mills, president of the stem cell agency, said today,

“This is exactly the type of treatment, focusing on an unmet medical need, that CIRM was created to address.”

Katie Sharify, one of the patients involved in the trial when it was started by Geron, said in the CIRM press release,

“A lot remains unknown about human embryonic stem cells and that's exactly why this research is so important. The scientific community is going to have a much greater understanding of these stem cells from the data that will be collected throughout the study and I'm glad to have been a part of this advancement."

Sparse News Coverage This Morning of California Stem Cell Agency Action

LA JOLLA, Ca. -- Media coverage of the resurrection of the Geron's landmark human embryonic stem cell trial was light today in the wake of a $14.3 million award by the California stem cell agency to support its continuation.

The San Diego U-T and the San Francisco Business Times both carried stories but none others appeared this morning in a Google search.

Bradley Fikes of the San Diego newspaper attended yesterday's CIRM board meeting here. He wrote,

"A potentially groundbreaking trial to treat spinal cord injuries with tissue grown from human embryonic stem cells will resume, after being funded by the California's stem cell agency."

Both he and Ron Leuty of the San Francisco Business Times also noted the award to Sangamo BioSciences of Richmond, Ca. Leuty wrote,

"Sangamo BioSciences Inc. (NASDAQ: SGMO) of Richmond will split a $5.6 million California Institute for Regenerative Medicine award with Dr. John Zaia of the Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope near Los Angeles to take blood stem cells from HIV patients and cut and replace a gene that is key to the spread of the AIDS virus."

Asteris issued a press release this morning that said,

“We are preparing to initiate the dose escalation Phase 1/2a clinical trial of AST-OPC1 in patients with cervical injuries in 6-9 months subject to FDA clearance,” stated Edward Wirth III M.D., Ph.D., Asterias’ Chief Translational Officer. “Achievements in this CIRM-supported program could also help accelerate further development of AST-OPC1 in other neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke and multiple sclerosis. We are currently evaluating the function of AST-OPC1 in nonclinical models of these diseases.”

“This award provides significant non-dilutive funding to accelerate the development of AST-OPC1 for patients with spinal cord injury. Given the lack of any approved therapies for spinal cord injury and the high level of disability, substantial costs of care, and shorter life expectancy of injured individuals, AST-OPC1 has the potential to address a substantial unmet medical need in this condition,” stated Katharine Spink, Ph.D., Asterias’ Chief Operating Officer."

BioTime's stock price was up 22 cents this morning at the time of this writing to $2.95. It has risen from $2.42 on May 22 when the California Stem Cell Report first carriednews of the California stem cell agency award.

Sangamo has not yet issued a press release, but its stock price was at $13.68 this morning, up 16 cents.

California Stem Cell Agency Approves $14 Million for Landmark hESC Clinical Trial

Above is a CIRM video involving one of the participants in the original Geron trial.

LA JOLLA, Ca.  – The state of California today pumped $14.3 million into an historic clinical trial for a stem cell therapy that was once abandoned because it was deemed too risky financially by the firm that devised the treatment.

The action came when the governing board of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) approved the award to Asterias Therapeutics of Menlo Park, Ca., a subsidiary of BioTime, Inc., of Alameda, Ca. The firms purchased the spinal cord injury treatment along with the human embryonic stem cell assets of Geron Corp., also of Menlo Park, in 2013.

The scientists who reviewed the Asterias application said the therapy could have a “highly significant impact” on the spinal cord injury, which afflicts more than 200,000 people nationwide. According to a CIRM review summary, the reviewers said a successful result from the trial would be a “high visibility achievement for the entire field of stem cell-based/regenerative medicine.”

The Geron clinical trial was the first ever in the United States for a therapy based on human embryonic stem cells, an area of research roiled by controversy. Some persons believe that deriving such cells is tantamount to killing a human being.

Geron submitted nearly 28,000 pages of material to the FDA in its years-long bid to start the trial, which began in 2010. However, in November 2011, the company stunned the stem cell world by giving up on the trial, citing business reasons.

The action also shocked the stem cell agency, which less than four months earlier had signed an agreement loaning the company $25 million. The agency's governing board gave the go-ahead on the loan during a process that involved major departures from its normal procedures. Geron repaid the loan with interest.

Approval of the funds for Asterias was not unexpected. The California Stem Cell Report carried an item on the matter May 22.

Today, Jonathan Thomas, chairman of the CIRM board, said in a statement,

“This new investment means we have a chance to build on the lessons we learned first time around. If this therapy can achieve even very modest improvements for patients, it could have an enormous impact on the quality of their life, and the lives of their families."

CIRM's scientific grant reviewers, all of whom are from out-of-state, gave the Asteria application a score of 76 out of 100 during their closed-door review of the proposal. Asterias, which currently has 17 employees including some from Geron, said in its application,

“Initial clinical safety testing was conducted in five subjects with neurologically complete thoracic injuries. No safety concerns have been observed after following these five subjects for more than two years. The current project proposes to extend testing to subjects with neurologically complete cervical injuries, the intended population for further clinical development, and the population considered most likely to benefit from the therapy.

“Initial safety testing will be performed in three subjects at a low dose level, with subsequent groups of five subjects at higher doses bracketing the range believed most likely to result in functional improvements. Subjects will be monitored both for evidence of safety issues and for signs of neurological improvement using a variety of neurological, imaging and laboratory assessments.”

Asterias' application continued,

“By completion of the (Phase 1/2a) project, we expect to have accumulated sufficient safety and dosing data to support initiation of an expanded efficacy study of a single selected dose in the intended clinical target population.”

The complete application is not available. CIRM released only selected excerpts on its Web site. See here for the text of the CIRM review summary.

While reviewers praised the bulk of the proposal they also raised concerns. They “questioned the strength of the preclinical efficacy data.” They “expressed concern regarding the manufacturing plan and strategy to support future development, which they viewed as risky.” They also said the budget “may be high.”

BioTime, which is headed by the founder of Geron, Michael West, is a publicly traded firm. Its stock price closed at $2.73 yesterday. Its 52-week price range runs from $2.21 to $4.82.

Here is a link to the CIRM press release on the grant. 

Text of the CIRM Review Summary of the Asterias hESC Clinical Trial Proposal

Here is a copy of the summary of the review of Asterias application 

for funding for its hESC clinical trial involving spinal cord injury. 

Results Heralded in Asterias hESC Clinical Trial

Two prominent stem cell patient advocates are hailing as a “giant leap forward” the initial results of a clinical trial involving a human embryonic stem cell therapy for spinal cord injuries.

Their remarks came in the wake of last week's announcement by Asterias Therapeutics of Menlo Park, Ca., that the trial had cleared its first safety hurdle. Asterias picked up the trial from Geron, which began it in 2010. Asterias and its parent, BioTime of Alameda, Ca., purchased Geron's stem cell assets after Geron abandoned the trial in 2011.

Asked for comment on the Asterias announcement, Roman Reed of Fremont, Ca., who was honored for his advocacy work in 2013 by the Genetics Policy Institute, said,

“Having started this groundbreaking research with Roman's Law funding of pioneer Dr. Hans Keirstead, I am extremely excited about the possibility of a paralysis treatment.

“My goal is paralysis cure. This research brings that dream closer to fruition for all of my paralyzed brethren. Onward & Upwards!”

Then California Gov. Schwarzenegger (left) with Don Reed
(center) and Roman Reed at 2007 stem cell agency press
 conference
AP photo

His father, Don Reed, also of Fremont and whose advocacy work along with Roman's led to passage of California's Roman Reed Spinal Cord Injury Research Act, said the search for a spinal injury stem cell therapy dates back some years.

 A major moment came, the elder Reed said “with the famous paralyzed  'rats-that-walked-again'” feature on '60 Minutes,' which made Christopher Reeve say, 'Oh, to be a rat today!' Today, the dream he embodied is a giant leap closer.”

Reeve was an actor who was famous for his screen portrayal of Superman and was paralyzed as the result of a horse-riding accident. He died Oct. 10, 2004, about one month before the California voters created the state's $3 billion stem cell agency.

Roman Reed, who is a candidate for the California state Senate in next week's election, is paralyzed as the result of a football injury to his spine in 1994. He coined the California stem cell agency's motto, “Turning stem cells into cures.”

Asterias is expected to receive a $14.3 million award from the California stem cell agency on Thursday to help continue the trial.

$37 Million Slated for California Stem Cell Research

Directors of the California stem cell agency this week are expected to hand out $37 million to businesses and scientists for projects involving human embryonic stem cells(hESC), spinal injury and urinary incontinence.

About $20 million will go to enterprises involved in later stage research. A $14.3 million award is expected to go to Asterias Therapeutics of Menlo Park, Ca., which has purchased the stem cell program that originated with Geron Corp. Asterias plans to move forward with the hESC clinical trial that Geron began amid much ballyhoo. However, Geron abandoned the effort in 2011 for financial reasons. (See here and here.)

A $5.6 million award is expected to go a previous but unidentified grant recipient for work involving HIV/AIDS. (Late today, an anonymous reader said in a comment at the end of this item that the award is for Sangamo Biosciences in Richmond, Ca.)

At their meeting Thursday in San Diego, directors of the agency are also expected to approve $16.2 million to help recruit three out-of-state scientists. The academic recruitment program was created to help California lure star scientists to the Golden State. The awards range from $6.4 million to $4.6 million. Two additional applicants were classified as by reviewers as additional possibilities for funding depending on the druthers of the board. The names of the applicants are being withheld by the agency

The recruitment program was originally budgeted some years ago for $44 million. Twenty-three million dollars was added in 2013. Prior to this week, the awards helped to finance the recruitment of seven scientists.

Information about the $900,000 urinary incontinence award can be found here. 

Major Step Forward on hESC Stem Cell Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury

The “first-in-man” clinical trial of a human embryonic stem cell therapy has cleared its first safety hurdle, Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc., reported yesterday.

The Menlo Park, Ca., firm said the spinal cord injury treatment caused “no serious adverse” events in its phase one safety trial. The therapy was originally developed by Geron Corp., which abandoned the trial in 2011 and sold its stem cell business to Asterias, which is a subsidiary of Biotime, Inc., of Alameda, Ca.

Asterias also said in a press release, 

“In four of the five subjects, serial MRI scans performed throughout the 2-3 year follow-up period indicate that reduced spinal cord cavitation may have occurred and that AST-OPC1 may have had some positive effects in reducing spinal cord tissue deterioration. This effect was seen in the animal model testing of AST-OPC1.”

Jane Lebkowski
Asterias photo

Jane Lebkowski, president of research and development at Asterias, said,

“The safety demonstrated in this trial positions Asterias to start a new phase 1/2a clinical trial in 2014, subject to clearance from the FDA .”

The California stem cell agency appears ready to award $14.3 million to Asterias to assist in that new clinical trial, as reported yesterday by the California Stem Cell Report. The agency also had loaned Geron $25 million for its clinical trial. The money has since been repaid.

(Asked to clarify the genealogy of the Asterias clinical trial, Katy Spink, vice president of Asterias, said in an email,
"AST-OPC1 is the former GRNOPC1.  The results presented by Jane Lebkowski at ASGCT and referred to in (the) press release are from the clinical trial that was started by Geron in 2010.  Slides from that presentation are on our website.  We are unfortunately not at liberty to comment on the question of potential CIRM funding, or on details of our future development plans beyond what is described on our website and in our SEC filings.")

Stephen McKenna, director of the Rehabilitation Trauma Center at the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, said,

“Spinal cord injury represents a tremendous unmet medical need that not only results in severe disability, but can also significantly shorten the projected lifespan of affected individuals. There are no approved therapies that can repair spinal cord injuries.”

Asterias said 12,000 persons suffer a spinal cord injury each year in the United States and about 1.3 million Americans are estimated to be living with a spinal cord injury.

(An earlier version of this item incorrectly said that Asterias announced the results in a press release today. The press release was dated yesterday. An earlier version also carried an incorrect first name for Jane Lebkowski. The material about the genealogy of the treatment was added shortly after the original version of this item was posted.)

California Stem Cell Agency Expected to Pump $14 Million into Revival of hESC Clinical Trial Dropped by Geron

Geron's abandoned clinical trial for a spinal cord therapy based on human embryonic stem cells appears to be back on again but at a different company and with $14.3 million in help from the California stem cell agency.

An eagle-eyed anonymous reader of the California Stem Cell Report pointed out the upcoming award to Asterias Biotherapeutics/Biotime, which purchased the stem cell operations of Geron Corp. Geron ditched the trial in November 2011 for what it said were financial reasons.

Here is what the reader said in a comment posted on the “Trounson" item that appeared recently on this blog.

“The Strategic Partnership III Award reviews are in: Asterias Biotherapeutics / BioTime will get $14 million to restart spinal cord injury trial with GRNOPC1.”

The reference is to an item on the agenda for the May 29 meeting of the governing board of the $3 billion agency.

The exact title of the application is “A Phase I/IIa Dose Escalation Safety Study of [REDACTED] in Patients with Cervical Sensorimotor Complete Spinal Cord Injury.”

The information provided by the anonymous reader goes beyond what is currently available on the CIRM Web site, and he or she seems to have special knowledge of the nature of the application. That includes the names of the applicants, normally kept secret by CIRM, and the nature of the material involved in the proposal, GRNOPC1.

The staff recommendation is virtually certain to be approved by the CIRM governing board, which rarely rejects such positions.

Another $9.8 million proposal for a spinal cord therapy project was rejected by the staff. The applicants, however, may make an appeal directly to the board on May 29.

CIRM was also involved with the original Geron proposal, which was the first clinical trial for a therapy based on human embryonic stem cells. The stem cell agency loaned the company $25 million only three months before Geron bailed out on the project. It was an unpleasant surprise for the agency and shock to many patients. Geron paid back the loan with interest.

Asterias was headed by Tom Okarma, once the CEO of Geron, and BioTime is headed by Michael West, who founded Geron many years ago.

Our thanks to the anonymous reader for pointing out the information on the award.

(The day following publication of this item, Asterias reported clearing the first safety hurdle on the trial.)

(Okarma left Asterias in April. An earlier version of this item said Okarma was still head of the company.)