Text From Lanza's U.S. Senate Appearance

Last week, Robert Lanza of Advanced Cell Technology of Alameda, Ca., appeared before a subcommittee of the U.S. Senate. Two U.S. senators excoriated him in connection with ACT's announcement of a new method of extracting ESC. Here is the complete text of what Lanza prepared for the Senate Labor, Health & Human Services, and Education Appropriations Subcommittee. The text was supplied by ACT at the request of the California Stem Cell Report.


(September 6, 2006) Good morning, Mr. Chairman and distinguished members of the committee. My name is Robert Lanza and I am Vice-President of Research & Scientific Development at Advanced Cell Technology, a biotechnology company in the field of regenerative medicine. I am also an Adjunct Professor at the Institute of Regenerative Medicine at Wake Forest University School of Medicine.

I would like to thank you for the opportunity to testify today on our technique for obtaining human embryonic stem (hES) cells from single blastomeres. As you know, hES cell lines are conventionally isolated from leftover embryos created for couples seeking in vitro fertilization (IVF). I join with the sponsors of Senate Bill HR 810 in my belief that scientists funded by the NIH should have access to stem cells derived from the hundreds of thousands of such surplus embryos that will otherwise be discarded. I know that you share my frustration that this important legislation was vetoed by the President.

Therefore, at the outset, I would like to make it absolutely clear that the single-cell derivation technique we’ve developed is not a replacement for existing methods of generating embryonic stem cell lines. In fact, our intention is quite to the contrary. We think it would be tragic not to pursue all the options and methods currently available to us to get this technology to the bedside as soon as possible. That being said, our hope is that the new method we describe in Nature can be used to increase the number of stem cell lines that qualify for Federal funding within the framework of existing US laws and regulations – and thus give the field a very much needed jump-start.

Current US law prohibits the use of federal funds for research in which human embryos are harmed or destroyed. As a result of this policy, the field of stem cell research has been crippled by the lack of quality stem cell lines. At present, there are only a handful of NIH-approved lines, all of which are potentially contaminated with animal pathogens that could lead to serious health risks; whereas others are difficult to grow and have started to display genetic abnormalities. Nor do they reflect the genetic diversity of the population, both in terms of their clinical potential and their value to those of us trying to understand the cause of various human diseases.

The approach we have developed does not involve the destruction of embryos, nor do the biopsied cells ever develop into an embryo at any point. The procedure is commonly known as PGD (preimplantatation genetic diagnosis) and is a well-established technique that has been used for a decade by IVF clinicians to generate thousands of healthy babies worldwide. In PGD, a single cell – known as a blastomere – is removed from an 8-cell-stage embryo for genetic testing. By growing the cell overnight, the resulting cells could be used for both PGD and the generation of stem-cells without affecting the clinical outcome of the procedure or the subsequent chances of the couple having a child. Numerous reports show that the survival rate is unaffected by the biopsy procedure, and that the subsequent development and chances of implantation are the same for both normal and biopsied embryos In our study, multiple individual cells where removed from embryos in the same way as would be employed in the clinical setting with PGD. Although those particular embryos were not allowed to develop further, we also carried out studies which confirmed that the biopsy procedure we used could be used without destroying the embryo. I want to be entirely clear on this point. The embryos used to create stem cell lines in our study were destroyed; however, in control experiments, single-cell biopsied embryos were allowed to continue development, and they did indeed develop to a more advanced (blastocyst) stage – they were all frozen and remain alive.

In fact, they continued development at the same rate as nonbiopsied embryos. We also showed that individual biopsied cells had the capacity to generate stem cells. Nineteen ES-cell like outgrowths and two stable embryonic stem cell lines were derived from 91 blastomeres. These stem cell lines have been growing for more than 8 months, and are genetically normal and able to generate cells from all the germ layers of body, including nerve cells, blood cells, and even retinal cells that could be used to prevent blindness.

Of course, hES cells derived this way could be of great potential benefit, not only for the medical research community, but also for the children and siblings born from transferred PGD embryos as well. The cells would be genetically identical to the child, and could be frozen down and used throughout the lifetime of the person – for instance, if they develop diabetes or heart disease.

I would now like to address several objections to the use of this procedure. First is that the technique may not be entirely without risk to the embryo, however minimal. We agree, and until remaining doubts about safety are resolved, we do not recommend the procedure be applied to healthy embryos outside the context of PGD. However, in PGD a cell is already removed and could be used to create stem cells without any added risk to the embryo. Second, concerns have been raised as to whether individual cells, such as those used in our study, are totipotent and could potentially generate a human being. It is our opinion that this is not the case.

Recent reports show that cell fate is already being determined at the 2 to 4 cell stage. Importantly, individual cells from an 8-cell-stage embryo, such as those used in our study, have never been shown to have the intrinsic capacity to generate a complete organism in any mammalian species – not even in a mouse or rat. And finally, questions have been raised whether the technique is completely applicable in the clinical setting. We believe it is and are working on procedures that can be utilized by clinicians in the IVF clinic environment. And thus, we believe it is now possible to create new stem cell lines without destroying human embryos. With the support of Federal funding, the single-cell derivation technique could provide new robust (and animal-product-free) stem cell lines for medical research and human clinical trials.

Since I testified here a year ago, we’ve managed to move the singlecell derivation technique from the mouse to the human. But in the meantime another million people have died of diseases that could potentially be treated – and possibly cured—using future stem cell therapies. How long are we going to allow this intolerable situation to continue? Stem cell scientists sorely need more lines that qualify for Federal funding. Make no mistake about it, there are many promising alternatives out there, but the conventional and singlecell derivation techniques are a reality – here and now. There are those who would want to set this research back, but there is a very real human tragedy out there, and it would be a shame not to use this opportunity to try to lessen the misery of so many Americans with disorders and disabilities. This is my hope, and it could start here with this Committee. Now is the time to move, while the United States is still in the forefront of this research, and while there is still time enough to develop therapies that could be used to help alleviate the suffering of those we know and love.

Thank you for the opportunity to address your Committee. I hope you find these comments helpful to your work.

Feds Could Take Up WARF Stem Cell Patent Dispute Next Month

The U.S. Patent Office could announce some time next month its decision on whether to step into the multimillion dollar WARF stem cell patent controversy.

Writer Joe Vanden Plas of the Wisconsin Technology Network indicated that was the likely timetable in an article that also quoted WARF as saying it expects the Patent Office to review the challenge to the patents by the Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights of Santa Monica, Ca. However, the issue is not likely to settled for several years.

WARF's hold on stem cell patents has troubled some in the business for years. The California foundation filed its challenge after WARF said it wanted to charge the California stem cell agency for use of its patents because the state expected to generate royalties. At stake are potentially millions of dollars in royalties not only in California but throughout the nation.

Vanden Plas said that the Public Patent Foundation (which represents the California foundation) challenged the WARF patent on the basis of "what it said was unseen 'art' or evidence that the previous work of other scientists made the derivation of human embryonic stem cells obvious and therefore unpatentable."

Vanden Plas' article also briefly discussed the agreement reached between WiCell, an arm of WARF, and Advanced Cell Technology of Alameda, Ca., to disribute new stem cell lines involving ACT's new technique.

FTCR: Hein Should Resign from Stem Cell Panel

One of the members of the Citizens Financial Accountability Oversight Committee for the California stem cell agency, which meets today for the first time, is not qualified and was appointed as a "political payoff," a watchdog group said today.

The Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumers Rights of Santa Monica, Ca., said in a press release that the appointment of John Hein by Democratic Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez "smacks of cronyism and the pay-to-play culture that dominates California politics."

John M. Simpson, stem cell project director for the foundation, noted that Prop. 71 requires members of the oversight committee to have "medical backgrounds and knowledge of relevant financial matters."

Hein was a longtime lobbyist for the California Teachers Association and now heads the political and policy consulting firm of HC&A of Sacramento, Ca. Hein was also a key negotiator in the education deal with Gov. Schwarzenegger that collapsed a few years back.

Calling on Hein to resign, Simpson said the CTA, a politically influential union in California, has been a longtime backer of the Nunez and contributed $12,800 to Nunez in election cycle preceding Hein's appointment.

Wanted: Fresh Human Eggs

What is the going price for human eggs these days? It runs as much as $50,000. But there are still not enough eggs to fuel the stem cell research machine, according to two articles in the Los Angeles Times today.

Reporter Karen Kaplan wrote:

"While the world debates the morality of stem cell research, scientists are grappling with a more basic issue — a shortage of eggs that they say is crippling their work."

One example that Kaplan reported involved Advanced Cell Technology of Alameda, Ca. The company has used newspaper ads to recruit women, some of whom declined after learning they would not be compensated beyond expenses. Kaplan wrote:

"After 10 months, one woman has passed the physical and mental health exams. She was scheduled to begin the egg retrieval regimen last week and could have eight eggs ready to harvest in early October."

Reporter Lee Romney examined the California scene including legislation (SB1260) by Sen. Deborah Ortiz, D-Sacramento, and the California stem cell agency.

Romney discussed the issue of possible exploitation of women egg donors, particularly low income, minority women. She also quoted Radhika Rao, of UC Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco and a member of a state commission that crafted guidelines for stem cell research, as saying,

"If you pay women a lot and they're white, it isn't exploitation?"

The Unexpectedly (to some) Long Life of CIRM

When is a 10-year embryonic stem cell research program not a 10-year embryonic stem cell research program?

Answer: When it is the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine.

Confused? We were too. We have been operating under the mistaken impression that the California stem cell agency has a 10-year life span that began when voters created it in 2004. In fact, CIRM has life in virtual perpetuity. And it can fund itself with the state's general obligation bonds apparently until it hits the $3 billion cap. All of which raise some interesting questions about life after $3 billion.

Two years ago when Prop. 71 was approved, news accounts repeatedly referred to a 10-year period in connection with the agency. Sometimes the time span was linked with the ability to issue bonds. Sometimes not. But regardless of context, 10 years kept popping up. Even the economic report by the Analysis Group, which was paid for by the Prop. 71 campaign, referred to funding over 10 years. And today the web site of the Alliance for Stem Cell Research, a spin off from the campaign organization, uses the 10-year term. The ballot measure itself says the intent of the measure was to authorize funding over a 10-year period. However, the analysis of the initiative by the state's legislative analyst is clearer. It says:

"The measure states its intent, but does not require in statute, that the bonds be sold during a ten-year period."

The longevity of CIRM came up when we wrote an item that said only 60 percent of the agency's life span remained.

That prompted a response from Dale Carlson, chief communications officer for CIRM, who asked for a correction. He acknowledged that he too was once under the misapprehension that CIRM would pass on at age 10. He said,

"I seem to have inherited a common misconception that CIRM is authorized to exist for only 10 years. I assume that stems from language in Prop. 71 regarding the issuance of an average of $295 million in bonds over 10 years, or it may be a legacy from the campaign. Whatever the case, there is in fact no timeline or deadline or sunset provision in Prop. 71.

"We are authorized to issue up to $350 million in bonds in a single year. Anything short of that can be rolled over to subsequent years. We don’t expect the funding to remain constant year over year. Instead, we expect to set each year’s amount based on the state of our strategic plans, the current research environment, scientific advances, newly recognized needs and opportunities, etc. It will be a dynamic process. Many (if not most) of the grants we award are likely to extend out over several years.

"The litigation has an effect, of course. It delays the issuance of authorized public general obligation bonds. It does not mean, however, that we’ll be issuing more than $350 million in a single year to 'catch up', nor that our effective half-life is shortened. The litigation is likely to extend the CIRM’s life and funding program, to make up for the delayed issuance of GO bonds."

As we remarked earlier, all of this raises interesting questions about life after $3 billion, a date that may not occur until about 2017 or perhaps several years later.

Given the nature of organizations and bureaucracies, it is not likely that CIRM will want to close its doors after the $3 billion runs out. It will be an organism that will want to survive, and there may well be good reasons for its life to continue. The state could fund it through the budget process, but without the usual oversight it gives other state agencies, which do not have the constitutional independence that CIRM does. It could also turn to private fundraising, as it has done so already to the tune of $50 million. California's biotech industry may find it useful to provide hundreds of millions of dollars to CIRM to continue pursuing work that is basic to the well-being of the business. Of course, some folks might object to a state agency behaving in such a fashion. But CIRM is virtually immune to control by the governor or the legislature.

And then there is a provision within Prop. 71 that provides for use of "alternate financial plans" instead of state bonds if they would significantly lower borrowing costs.

Is there a lesson in all this? Just the usual. Never assume. Expect the unexpected. Re-read the rules and instructions. However, there may be some folks who will not be happy to find that CIRM has perpetual life.

Update on Legal Actions Against CIRM

Someone queried us the other day concerning the effort by the losers in California stem cell trial to overturn the verdict that favored CIRM. "What is going on?" was the question.

The answer: Not much.

As of Friday, the losers had failed to file their brief with the appellate court. Once that happens, presumably later this month, CIRM will file its response. Then the losers will get a chance to rebut.

In an interview today with the California Stem Cell Report, Tamar Pachter, the deputy attorney general handling the case for CIRM, noted, however, that the appeal is on an expedited calendar so the matter should move more quickly than normal appeals.

She also said that another action, originally filed in the Sacramento by the opponents of the agency, has been modified substantially. Originally the action sought to block CIRM training grants to the University of California on the grounds that they violated state law. That argument has been altered to contend that the grants violate only Prop. 71. Pachter said she expects that such arguments are likely to become commonplace as CIRM issues more grants.

Another Reason for Public Disclosure by CIRM Grant Reviewers

The California stem cell agency says that the scientists who make "recommendations" regarding who receives hundreds of millions of dollars in grants do not need to disclose publicly their financial interests.

On Sunday, however, the Los Angeles Times carried a piece that demonstrates again why public disclosure is needed.

Reporter David Willman wrote.:

"A senior researcher at the National Institutes of Health engaged in 'serious misconduct' by entering into dozens of unauthorized private arrangements with drug companies and failing to report annually the outside income, totaling more than $100,000, a confidential internal review by the agency has found.

"Officials at the NIH concluded late last year that the actions of Dr. Thomas J. Walsh, who has helped lead major clinical trials involving cancer patients, might result in dismissal from federal government service. No disciplinary action has been taken.

"The internal review, conducted by lawyers and other ethics specialists within the office of the NIH director, found that from 1999 to 2004, Walsh received fees totaling $100,970 from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. He accepted fees from 25 companies and has led government-sponsored research involving some of those companies' drugs."

In this case Walsh allegedly failed to disclose to NIH. One has to ask the question: Would public disclosure have prevented the alleged misconduct? That is impossible to tell, but it would have raised the importance of the issue to a higher level and added a deterrent component. It would have also led to critical oversight from various public watchdog groups that love to forage in public documents. With public disclosure presumably it would have taken less than five years for the alleged misdeeds to surface. (Five years, by the way, is about 60 percent of CIRM's remaining life.)

The Walsh story is not isolated. Conflicts of interests are widely reported in medical research and are probably impossible to avoid. All the more reason to bring the financial interests at play out into the sunshine.

As for the use of quotation marks around the word recommendation in the first paragraph of this item, the reviewers do make recommendations on the grants but those are virtually de facto decisions, a position that we acknowledge CIRM disagrees with.

Stem Cell Snippets: Starters to Strategic Planning

Links to interesting pieces and announcements involving California stem cell issues.

Stem Cell 'Starter' – The tale of Jennifer Cash, a UC Davis grad student and a worker well down the stem cell food chain. She is trying to concoct a stem cell 'starter' medium, according to a writer Sam Whiting in the San Francisco Chronicle.

Cautionary Piece – An Australian web site has a summary of an article that is called a "cautionary tale" about the California stem cell agency. The original article, by Tamra Lysaght of the University of Sydney, was published in the Journal of Bioethical Inquiry but is not yet available online.

CIRM Strategic Meeting – On Friday, CIRM will hold a meeting in San Francisco of its Strategic Planning Advisory Committee. The agenda includes a report on the Aug. 26 Diversity Focus Group Meeting and a progress report on the strategic plan.

No Time to Weaken 'Second Level of Oversight'

Should the public officials who monitor the financial practices of the $3 billion California stem cell agency have to disclose their financial interests as state law requires?

In a word, yes.

And it is surprising that consideration of seeking an exemption from financial disclosure is even on the board's agenda for its first meeting.

State regulations permit exemptions from disclosure only if the state entity is powerless (has no decision-making authority), has few funds (budget less than $150,000) and will own no real estate. Nominally the Citizens Financial Accountability Oversight Committee seems to meet that criteria. It can only review and make recommendations to CIRM.

That said, CIRM Chairman Robert Klein has cited the importance of the committee. He has called it "an extraordinary response" and "an unprecedented second level of oversight." Klein made his remarks at the March 1, 2005, meeting of the CIRM Oversight Committee.

State Controller Steve Westly, chair of the financial accountability group, was at the same meeting to caution the stem cell agency to mind its financial Ps and Qs. He said CIRM amounted to a kind of "public covenant" with the public making the investment and taking the risk. Westly said:

"Bob's exactly right. These are large numbers. The public wants to know there's every level of scrutiny."

As to the financial accountability committee, Westly said:

"It's a double blind check. We want to make sure we get it right for the public."

The committee was also cited by the state Department of Justice in its so far successful legal defense of the agency against those who seek to kill it off. In legal filings, the Justice Department mentioned the committee as one of the methods by which the state "generally exercises management and control of state institutions and public officials." That's important because normal state oversight of CIRM does not exist. Neither the governor nor the legislature can alter CIRM's budgets or operations.

One watchdog group, the Foundation for Taxpaper and Consumers Rights, has written to state Controller Steve Westly objecting to any exemption.

John M. Simpson, stem cell project director for the foundation, said:

"Full disclosure of interests of committee members is imperative and they must be seen to be held to the highest ethical standards."

It is not hard to conceive of genuine conflicts of interests arising involving the committee. At least two of its six members are very wealthy individuals with a wide array of financial interests. Mrytle Potter, for example, had 25 years of experience as a top executive in the biotech industry, including time with Genentech. Richard Siegal "built (an oil exploration) company that has raised, deployed and accounted for hundreds of millions of invested dollars." He also has donated large sums to various kinds of medical research.

These are extraordinarily capable people who bring valuable experience and insight to CIRM's operations. They also bring a web of financial and business ties that may or may not constitute conflicts of interest as they critique CIRM's financial practices and performance. For example, it is not hard to imagine that an enterprise favored by one of the financial committeee members could find a more friendly reception at CIRM than your average proposal.

We understand the burden that disclosure places on folks such as Siegal and Potter. They may even resign from the committee rather than make a public disclosure. But openness and transparency concerning the public's multibillion dollar investment should come first.

Disclosure Exemptions Are Few

The state has only granted three exemptions from its requirements for public disclosure of the financial interests of high level public officials.

According to the Fair Political Practices Commission, they are for the California Commission on the Fair Administration of Justice, the Medication Errors Panel and the California Alliance to Combat Trafficking and Slavery Task Force.

The regulation permitting exemptions is relatively new, adopted only on Jan. 28 of this year.

The California Stem Cell Report has attempted for several days to determine who was directly responsible for placing the exemption issue on the agenda of the Citizens Financial Accountability Oversight Committee. We have been shuttled between the state controller's office and the Department of Justice without receiving a forthright answer, which may attest to the sensitivity of the issue.

But presumably state Controller Steve Westly put the matter before the committee. He is chair of the committee in question and has control of the agenda.

Coming Up

Later today we will examine in more detail the proposal to exempt from financial disclosure laws the members of the group charged with overseeing the financial practices of the California stem cell agency.

Senators Scold Visibily Shaken Lanza

The flogging of ACT continues.

Two U.S. senators "lashed out" yesterday and "scolded" Robert Lanza of Advanced Cell Technology of Alameda, Ca., concerning the company's recent announcement of a new method of obtaining embryonic stem cells.

"You're on the ropes!" a combative Arlen Specter, R-Pa., told Lanza, according to an account in the Washington Post written by Rick Weiss, who reported that Lanza was visibily shaken. Sen. Tom Harken, D-Iowa, also scolded Lanza.

Both Harken and Specter support ESC research. They told Lanza at a Senate subcommittee hearing that he and his company have, according to Weiss, "harmed the struggling field by overstating their results."

It is not often that a scientist is blessed with such attention from such august public servants.

Also excoriating ACT, but in a different forum, was Glenn McGee, director of the Alden March Bioethics Institute.

He wrote on his blog:

"If there is a school to teach scientists how to screw up the pursuit of PR, ACT has the professors on retainer."

McGee continued:

"I continue to be amazed at the degree to which this company manages to do more harm to the battle to get embryonic stem cell research funded than could any concerted right wing campaign against the research. ACT is the Kevorkian of stem cell research."

Weighing in from Nature magazine was Alison Abbot. She wrote about the ongoing flap and the magazine's actions, declaring:

"No one is suggesting that Lanza's paper is in any way scientifically incorrect, but many in the field have objected...to its overall packaging. 'Perhaps 'word-smithy' is the right term,' comments George Daley of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute."

The Wall Street Journal also carried a piece on Tuesday by David Hamilton and Antonio Regalado, who wrote:

"Advanced Cell has capitalized on the research. Two days after the research was published, the company announced that it had raised $13.5 million from its existing investors, with the first part of the transaction set to close Sept. 7. The company's share price has since fallen considerably since it reached the agreement, closing on Friday, Sept. 1, at 71 cents a share, down more than 70% from the post-announcement high although still above where it was before the announcement."

In terms of coverage, it seems interesting that California papers did not pick up on yesterday's Washington hearing, except for a brief report in the Oakland Tribune.

New CIRM Auditor Sought in Wake of Copying Flap

The California stem cell agency and its auditor have gone their separate ways, and CIRM is looking for a new, private auditor.

Gilbert Associates, a Sacramento company, conducted an audit for CIRM for the 2004-2005 year, but it generated some complaints when it declined to let the state controller's office copy some documents.

The California Stem Cell Report was told that CIRM and Gilbert severed their relationship by mutual agreement. The issue was the copying of some of Gilbert's working papers on CIRM, a non-negotiable matter for CIRM. Gilbert said at the time the material was proprietary and would not allow copying.

Asked for comment by the California Stem Cell Report, Thomas M. Gilbert, managing shareholder of the accounting firm, referred us to the controller's review of the audit, page 8, which says that his firm would not allow the controller's office to copy working papers it considered proprietary unless the controller's office signed a confidentiality agreement. The controller's office recommended that CIRM "address" the issue.

The bid proposal stipulates that the new auditor "agrees that the state controller’s office shall have the right to review and copy any records and supporting documentation pertaining to the performance of this agreement including, but not limited to, all documents, records and workpapers whether obtained or copied from the institute or developed by the contractor."

It also says the successful bidder must have completed three audits of state agencies in the last five years, preferably ones engaged in bond financing.

Gilbert was slated to work for CIRM through June 30, 2007, under a negotiated, $45,000 contract that was not put out to public bid. The latest contract is being let through the Department of General Services, one of the few occasions that CIRM has used the state's formal public bidding process for its roughly $5 million in outside contracts.

The CIRM contract timeline calls for submission of bids by Sept. 18 with the contract awarded by Sept. 22.

Stem Cell Snippets: Cibelli, IP and Davey

Here are links to some interesting items and press releases related to the California stem cell agency:

Cibelli Update – Not much has changed since about eight months ago when stem cell researcher Jose Cibelli "voluntarily withdrew" from the Standards Working Group of the California stem cell agency in connection with his co-authorship of a fraudulent paper involved in the Korean stem cell scandal. He also asked his employer, Michigan State University, to conduct an investigation. In response to a query from the California Stem Cell Report, an MSU spokeswoman says the investigation is still underway.

WARF – Elizabeth Donley has been named executive director of the WiCell Research Institute, which hosts the National Stem Cell Bank controlling all 21 federally funded stem cell lines. Donley will continue to serve as general counsel to WARF.

IP Policy – Here is a link to the exact language for the proposed regulations on the sharing of patented material by CIRM grantees. The Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights says it is a "compromise that, while not perfect, will ensure scientists get access to taxpayer-funded discoveries for further research and development."

New CIRM Hire – CIRM has hired Marcia Davey, chief of financial management for the State Department of Insurance, as its interim financial officer for one year. The agency said it is continuing to look for a permanent replacement for retiring Walter Barnes. We are inquiring about Davey's salary.

CIRM's Financial Practices to be Reviewed Next Week

A new creature spawned by Prop. 71 will pop onto the public scene for the first time next week in San Francisco.

It is the Citizens Financial Accountability Oversight Committee. The six-member panel is charged with reviewing and making recommendations on CIRM's "financial practices and performance."

Prop. 71, approved nearly two years ago, indicated the committee should prepare an annual report. So far, none has been forthcoming.

At its San Francisco meeting Sept. 14, the first major order of business is a proposal to avoid disclosing the financial interests of its members. It is not clear how the exemption disclosure request came to be on the committee's agenda. The proposal would excuse committee members from filing financial disclosure statements on the grounds that the group has no decision-making authority and has a budget of less than $150,000. State regulations provide for possible exemptions in such cases.

It is apparent from Prop. 71 that the committee can only make suggestions to CIRM and has no power over it, other than public pressure. Presumably its budget is less than $150,000.

The next item calls for consideration of "recommendations" by the committee, none of which have been prepared for public consumption at this point. On the table is the audit paid for by CIRM and the controller's review of that document. Nothing truly scandalous emerged from those reviews, although there was a flap when CIRM's auditor refused to provide copies of information to the controller's office. The accountability panel will not be considering the audit by the California auditor general, which has not yet been released.

State Controller Steve Westly, who is friendly to the stem cell agency, chairs the committee. The proposition calls for appointment of other members who have "medical backgrounds and knowledge of relevant financial matters."

They are:

Richard Siegal, a Westly appointee, philanthropist and patient advocate for Graves Diseases and glaucoma. He also heads what the controller's office only describes as a "private multimillion dollar national energy firm." The firm is Palace Exploration Co. which bizneworleans.com, describes as "a privately held (New York) company engaged in the exploration and production of oil and gas in the continental United States, the Gulf of Mexico, Western Canada and the North Sea. It has been owned and operated by the chairman and his family since its acquisition in 1983, and owns interests in more than 1,400 producing oil or gas wells." Siegal and his wife, Gail, gave $44,600 to Westly's campaign for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination this year, according to Common Cause.

Myrtle Potter, an appointee of CIRM Chair Robert Klein. Potter is a former vice president of Genentech. More recently she was a cofounder of the Chapman Development Group, which operates large-scale residential and commercial development, among other things. In 2003 and 2004, she was named to Fortune magazine's list of the "Top 50 Most Powerful Women in Business."

Daniel S. Brunner, an appointee of treasurer Phil Angelides. The controller's office lists Brunner as "general counsel, (Governor's) Office of Special Health Care Negotiations." However, that appears to be an old occupation. Through January of 2005, he was executive vice president of First Health of Sacramento, Ca., which manages health care services for businesses. Common Cause does not show major contributions from Brunner to Angelides, who defeated Westly in the race for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination.

John Hein of Fair Oaks, Ca., an appointee of Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez. Hein was executive director of Communities for Quality Education at the time of his appointment. He also served as the chief lobbyist for the California Teachers Association in Sacramento. We are inquiring concerning his current employment.

Jim Lott, an appointee of Senate President Pro Tem Don Perata. Lott is executive vice president of the Hospital Association of Southern California and has an "extensive and productive history in influencing health policy in California." Lott was a former legislative staffer and is chair of the LA Care Health Plan.

Here is a link to the controller's bios on the committee members. Here is a link to the state regulations providing for an exemption on the disclosures (see sec. 18751 C 3).

Below is the text of the section of Prop. 71 creating the committee.

Prop. 71 Text on the CFAOC

Here is entire text of what Prop. 71 has to say about the the Citizens Financial Accountability Oversight Committee:

"There shall be a Citizen’s Financial Accountability Oversight Committee chaired by the State Controller. This committee shall review the annual financial audit, the State Controller’s report and evaluation of that audit, and the financial practices of the institute. The State Controller, the State Treasurer, the President pro Tempore of the Senate, the Speaker of the Assembly, and the Chairperson of the ICOC shall each appoint a public member of the committee. Committee members shall have medical backgrounds and knowledge of relevant financial matters. The committee shall provide recommendations on the institute’s financial practices and performance. The State Controller shall provide staff support. The committee shall hold a public meeting, with appropriate notice, and with a formal public comment period. The committee shall evaluate public comments and include appropriate summaries in its annual report. The ICOC shall provide funds for the per diem expenses of the committee members and for publication of the annual report."

The Hooha Over ACT: A Case Study in Stem Cell PR

Whatever the scientific merits of Advanced Cell Technology's embryonic stem cell procedure announced last week, critics around the world are flaying the California company.

At the same time, the field of ESC research is taking a hit as opponents use ACT as an example of why science can't be trusted. Parsing the ACT announcement, several press releases, the conduct of Nature magazine and mainstream media reports is a bit convoluted. It is clear, however, that some of the critics do not understand what ACT has done with its experiment.

The episode is a good of example what can happen when the ravening media sees a weakness. The ACT case is not quite a blood feast, but it does have some of the early earmarks. And it is a fine case study for those involved in stem cell public relations, which is just about everybody in the field.

Lesson No. 1 – Idiot proof your press releases. If it can be misinterpreted, it will be. Run those media handouts by several persons who can serve as surrogate reporters. If they can't figure it out, neither can your average ink-stained wretch.

Lesson No. 2 – Clearly delineate the "facts." Separate them from the implications and assume that reporters will have difficulty distinguishing the two.

Lesson No. 3 – Watch the hyperbole.

Lesson No. 4 – Simplify but do not ignore the nuances. Do not assume knowledge. Some science reporters may be able to describe IVF without a crib sheet, but many cannot. As for non-specialized reporters and editors, they need even more help. Give it to them.

Interestingly, the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the San Francisco Chronicle and The Sacramento Bee apparently have not yet carried stories on the hooha about the handling of the ACT experiment. Here are some links to other reports: NBC, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, Philadelphia Inquirer/San Jose Mercury News, BizzyBlog, Bioedge, the Australian, Wired, The Scientist, New Scientist, Ace of Spades and TCSDaily.

The Thinking on the Sole Negative Vote on the Egg Donor Bill

California State Sen. Debra Bowen was the only senator to vote "no" today on legislation to protect women egg donors.

The Democrat from the Los Angeles area (Redondo Beach) defeated the author of the egg bill (SB1260), Sen. Deborah Ortiz, in the June primary in the race for the Democratic nomination for California secretary of state.

We asked Bowen's office for a statement on the negative vote. Here is the verbatim comment from Bowen:

“I am concerned that prohibiting women from being paid for their eggs or for participating in research singles them out from how other medical research subjects are treated. That, in turn, is likely to reduce the number of women who can or will take part in embryonic stem cell research.”

See the item below for more on the bill itself.

Ortiz' Legislation to Protect Egg Donors Goes to Governor

Only a few months are left in the legislative career of state Sen. Deborah Ortiz, and she is wrapping it up with successful passage of legislation to protect women who donate eggs for stem cell research.

Ortiz was an early and influential figure in California stem cell issues. The Sacramento Democrat carried legislation in 2002 that made California the first state in the nation to authorize embryonic stem cell research. She is credited by some with originating the idea of taking a stem cell initiative to the ballot in California, which ultimately was the mechanism that created the California stem cell agency.

Her egg donor bill went to the governor today on a 34-1 vote in the California State Senate when it concurred in Assembly amendments to the measure – SB1260.

Ortiz' office issued a press release that quoted the legislator, who is being termed out, as saying:

“Stem cell research holds great promise for chronic and life-threatening diseases that affect more than 100 million Americans. We all want biomedical research to move forward, but we must ensure that women who provide eggs for research are fully educated about potential reproductive health risks.”

The bill also lays the groundwork for regulation of embryonic stem cell research in California – outside of that funded by the California stem cell agency, which operates under a unique initiative measure that does not permit the legislature or the governor to fiddle with its procedures or funding.

Ortiz' measure also was drafted to be consistent with the existing regulations of the stem cell agency. Implementation of the measure is through the Department of Health Services. Currently an advisory committee is in the process of drafting proposed regulations. Its next meeting is Sept. 20 in Berkeley.

Here is a link to the latest legislative staff analysis of the bill. Here is a link to the bill.

(For those of you unfamiliar with American political terminology, "termed out" means that she is leaving office as the result of a law that limits the number of terms that a person can serve in a particular position.)

"Pay the Ladies, Please," Say Two From Academe

Legislation to protect egg donors and regulate embryonic stem cell research in California – outside of CIRM-funded efforts -- is now on the state Senate floor where it appears certain to be approved and go to the governor's desk.

However, the measure (SB1260) by Sen. Deborah Ortiz, D-Sacramento, has drawn fire from two UCLA law professors who argue that it "threatens the future of stem cell research" in California because it would bar payment for eggs.

Russell Korobkin and Judith Daar criticized the bill as "shortsighted" in an op-ed piece in the Los Angeles Times.

Here are some excerpts:

"The primary justification offered for banning compensation to egg donors is that financial incentives will unduly induce women, particularly those of lower socioeconomic status, to undergo egg extraction without fully considering the significant risks and inconveniences associated with the weeks-long process, which requires hormone injections and minor surgery. Money, it is argued, will enable overzealous scientists to coerce women to become egg providers.

"This argument relies on an unusual and indefensible view of what constitutes coercion. In a free-market economy, financial inducements are ubiquitous, especially when socially valuable activities entail some degree of risk or inconvenience. Coal mining is dirty and dangerous work, but we don't claim that paying miners is coercive and expect altruists to do the job for free. Certainly there is no movement afoot to ban payments to soldiers or peace officers in the name of protecting them against placing themselves in harm's way for profit. In fact, just the opposite. We sometimes provide extra hazard pay to public servants who take on the greatest risks in recognition of their valuable contributions.

"If anything, ethics requires the affirmative compensation of individuals who sacrifice so that the rest of us can reap the benefits of biomedical research. Medical research subjects commonly are paid a fee for their participation. There is no justification for ushering women of reproductive age into a separate and wholly unequal category — ineligible for compensation solely because of the nature of their research participation."

Whatever the strength of their argument, it comes much too late to have an impact on the measure. It is also not likely to be cited during debate on the Senate floor. Paying egg donors is not a political third rail, but few, if any legislators are likely to support such a move.

Here is a link to the analysis of SB1260 prepared for use in the Senate floor debate on the bill.

CIRM IP Group Changes Research Usage Exemption

The California stem cell agency's Task Force on Intellectual Property has revised requirements for sharing inventions developed as the result of grants to nonprofit research organizations.

California biomedical firms objected to the previous language. The latest version was hammered out a meeting of the Task Force following comments from its members and others.

The new language, which will be posted on the CIRM website as part of the administrative rules procedures, stipulates that grantees make CIRM-funded patented inventions "readily accessible on reasonable terms to other grantee organizations."

Some members of the Oversight Committee, in addition to the business groups, were concerned that the previous language (known as the Research Use Exemption - RUE) would remove incentives to market and distribute useful research tools.

Janet Lambert, director of government relations for Invitrogen of Carlsbad, Ca., flew out from Washington, D.C., to present her company's point of view. She and others, including John M. Simpson, stem cell director of the Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights, worked out the compromise language in the rear of the room as the Task Force dealt with other issues.

Part of the backdrop for discussion for the language was "The WARF Problem." Repeatedly speakers said they did not want to emulate the example of the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, which holds key patents to embryonic stem cells. The foundation has been the subject of sharp criticism for failing to allow use of the patents more widely and less expensively.

CIRM President Zach Hall argued for wider distribution of CIRM-funded research. He said he did not want to see a situation where "we can't communicate with our (scientific) neighbors."

Members of the Task Force. Including Jeff Sheehy, also raised questions about how the previous language was arrived at and the process of involving "stakeholders" in discussions. Sheehy said he was "very uncomfortable" about a discussion process that would seem to favor some stakeholders over others.

Once the new language is officially published, that will trigger another 15-day comment period. You can see details of the administrative rules process here.

Correction

On Aug. 29, we carried an item (see below) on CIRM principles for grants to businesses that incorrectly said, “If the grantee chooses to develop a product themselves, the state would receive some sort of multiple of CIRM funding after the 'success' of the product. Discussion seemed to favor a multiple in the 3 to 5 percent range, leaning strongly to the lower end.”

The item should have said that the multiple being considered was a multiple of total CIRM funding. For example, if the CIRM funding is $1 million, the return could be $3 million to $5 million.

Our thanks to the CIRM staff for pointing out the error.

CIRM IP Policy and Business: New Principles Approved

(The following post contained an error that is corrected at the end of item)

Attention California stem cell businesses. Here's the deal. Or at least almost the deal.

But if you want cash from the California stem cell agency, you better listen up. And if you want to shape the rules for sharing the swag, now the time is to make your voice heard. It could be a done deal by this time next month.

On Tuesday afternoon, beneath replicas of a couple of twin-engine aircraft, the CIRM Task Force on Intellectual Property approved principles for handling IP generated as a result of CIRM grants to business. Hundreds of millions of dollars could be handed out to California stem cell businesses over the next few years, but oddly few were represented at the hearing at the aviation museum at San Francisco International Airport. A number have testified in the past, however.

Two key areas involved payments by grantee businesses to the state and creation of plans to help uninsured Californians and provide low cost access to CIRM-funded stem cell therapies.

The Task Force approved requiring a business that chooses to license a CIRM-funded invention to a third party to abide by the same requirements as for nonprofits except for the size of the share of any returns. Instead of the 25 percent sharing requirement (after $500,000) for nonprofits, the task force chose 17 percent. The Task Force initially called for the 17 percent to be shared out of "revenues" from the invention. However, questions were raised concerning the definition of revenues, and its meaning will be considered again later.

If the grantee chooses to develop a product themselves, the state would receive some sort of multiple of CIRM funding after the "success" of the product. Discussion seemed to favor a multiple in the 3 to 5 percent range, leaning strongly to the lower end.

The Task Force also approved a requirement that some businesses develop plans to provide access to CIRM-funded therapies to the uninsured and to provide them to public agencies at the federal Medicaid price. The plan requirement would be triggered when CIRM funding represents more than a yet-to-be determined percent of the invention.

Other principles approved include:
Ownership of the IP by the grantee.
Onetime "blockbuster" payments by the grantee after revenues exceed a yet-to-be-determined level.
Sharing of "publication-related," CIRM-funded biomedical material as in the nonprofit policy.

IP Task Force member Duane Roth told the group that it needs to set clear rules on IP. Businesses need certainty, he said. They need a "real clear matrix, that this is the deal."

The "deal" will come up again, possibly in September, preceding CIRM's Oversight Committee meeting in October. CIRM staff will craft IP policy rules based on Tuesday's discussion and bring them back to the Task Force. Ed Penhoet, chair of the Task Force, said he wants to present an IP policy for businesses to the Oversight Committee for action next month.

We will have more on the IP meeting in the next few days. And, by the way, the Task Force held its meeting in the aviation museum because it was free space provided as a result of San Francisco's bid to obtain the CIRM headquarters.

(Correction on the above item: The 5th paragragh contains an incorrect figure. It should have said that the multiple being considered was a multiple of total CIRM funding. For example, if the CIRM funding is $1 million, the return could be $3 million to $5 million. We incorrectly reported that the multiple being considered was in the 3 to 5 percent range.

(Our thanks to the CIRM staff for pointing out the error.)

Coming Up

We are planning on covering the "riveting" events expected this afternoon at the meeting of the CIRM Intellectual Property Task Force. Look for fresh information on the outcome tonight and tomorrow on the California Stem Cell Report.

A 'Good Citizen" Research Exemption

Ken Taymor, who is with the San Francisco law firm of MBV Law LLP, has offered the following on one of the issues confronting the CIRM Intellectual Property Task Force this afternoon. We welcome additional comments and contributions on all subjects related to the California stem agency.

A research use exemption (RUE) allows researchers to use patented
inventions without obtaining licenses and paying license fees, royalties
and other payments to the inventor. Courts have recently concluded that
contrary to widely held belief, there is no automatic research use
exemption under U.S. patent law. Many universities and non-profit
institutions, however, frequently allow other academic researchers to
use patented inventions for non-commercial research without paying the
university or institution any fees. This has not been the case with
human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research. The holder of the very broad
patents over human embryonic stem cells and the core process for
creating them, the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF), insisted that all academic and non-profit researchers pay substantial license
fees for the right to experiment with hESC or to create new hESC lines.

CIRM initially adopted an RUE as one of its core Intellectual Property principles. CIRM stated that it sought to "ensure broad access for
California research institutions to patented inventions made under CIRM
funding for research purposes through a research exemption." CIRM
stated in its original discussion of its IP Rules that a research
exemption would "promote the advancement of research and medical
therapies through broad use of patented inventions developed under CIRM
funding . . . . This policy will allow researchers to experiment
with state-of-the-art technology generated as a consequence of CIRM
funding without constraints which might otherwise apply under patent
law."

CIRM unexpectedly dropped the RUE after several industry representatives
objected to it. This move has surprised and concerned a number of
independent observers in light of the strong arguments CIRM advanced in
favor of the RUE up to the point of eliminating it. By not guaranteeing
that CIRM funded non-profit grantees will allow free use of CIRM funded
inventions for non-commercial research, CIRM opens the door for a repeat
of the problems WARF created in its licensing policies. Under CIRM's
latest proposal, scientists at a California university could receive a
large CIRM grant and make a path-breaking invention, such as
"reprogramming" adult cells to behave like stem cells (currently done
through cloning in animals), and then require that each academic or
non-profit researcher in California who wishes to make or use such
"reprogrammed" cells pay the university $10,000 (or more) annually for
the right to do so. This is why proponents of the RUE have complained
that CIRM's new position can require CIRM, and the California taxpayers,
to pay twice (or multiple times) for the research discoveries made under
CIRM grants. Of course, what is worse, is that under this scenario many
researchers would be unable or unwilling to pay the licensing fees and
stem cell scientific advances (and resulting therapies) would be further
delayed.

A RUE that would address many of industry concerns, and in fact reflect
the "good citizen" practices of many universities today (practices
incidentally that industry readily accepts) would simply provide that
"CIRM Grantee organizations shall allow Non-Profit Organizations,
without payment, to practice CIRM-funded patented inventions in
California for any non-profit purpose."

Text of Nonprofit IP Comments Now Available

Here is a link to the comments on the nonprofit intellectual property regulations that are to be discussed at tomorrow's IP task force at San Francisco International Airport. The comments were not available on the CIRM web site at the time of the posting of the "California Biomed" item below.

Another remote location has been added for the meeting, this one in Elk Grove, Ca., south of Sacramento.

ACT, CIRM and the Test of Time

Christopher Thomas Scott, executive director of the Stem Cells in Society program at Stanford University, has offered the following commentary. Scott is also the author of "Stem Cell Now."

Will ACT save embryonic stem cell research? No way.

Advanced Cell Technology's announcement in Nature last week wound up the rhetoric—yet again—surrounding embryonic stem cell research. The Alameda, California, company claims an embryonic stem cell line can be made without harming a human embryo. The ACT technique is modeled after an in vitro fertilization (IVF) diagnostic test called PGD. The test plucks one cell out of a two day-old embryo containing eight cells or so. The cell’s DNA is screened for dozens of deadly diseases. If the test is positive, the embryo is discarded. If no disease genes are detected, the embryo—which quickly makes a new cell to replace the missing one—is implanted. The procedure seems safe: more than a thousand children have been born since the test was unveiled in the early 1990’s.

From a scientific perspective, the ACT paper is interesting, but not groundbreaking. The researchers repeated a method they perfected earlier in mice using human cells; that’s no mean feat. They claim the type of cell they used—called a blastomere—produced an embryonic stem cell line. If other labs can repeat the result and if the lines can make different, functional cell types, that's pretty cool.

But the thing that has tongues wagging is what happens to the embryo. Until now, embryos must be killed in order to make an embryonic stem cell line, a process opponents equate to murder. Here, finally, seems to be a way around the moral morass. Removing one cell to make a cell line causes no ill effects, embryo-wise. Robert Lanza, who led the ACT group, said, "This will make it far more difficult to oppose this research.”

Problem solved? Not by a long shot. Scientists are already picking apart the ACT results. It isn't clear what stage of embryo was used, and the embryos didn’t survive because Lanza’s method removed all the blastomeres, rather than just one. Most of the cells failed to do anything at all, hinting that some are better than others at generating a line. Finally, the embryos used represent a narrow genetic range: most couples who frequent IVF clinics are Caucasian and infertile.

The ethical ‘solution’ is pretty much a non-starter. Religious conservatives who believe that an eight-cell corpuscle is a human being with rights, object to anything that treads on those rights, especially a technique that sucks out one-eighth of its biological material. Hard-line Catholics argue that the blastomere itself is a person simply because it has the potential to become one. Imagine a cell kicking and screaming on the way to a Petri dish, and you get the idea.

A reporter asked me what this means for California stem cell research. The moral hairsplitting and rickety nature of frontier science are just two of many reasons why the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine mustn’t lose focus on proven methods used to derive embryonic cell lines. The ACT result must stand the test of time and be compared to other technologies and new discoveries. Who knows which will work the best for therapies? We need hundreds of laboratories, thousands of lines, and millions of dollars to find out.

What About WARF: Chapter Two

Is The Bee really a turkey?

So says patent lawyer Lawrence B. Ebert (sort of), who takes serious exception to a piece in the Sacramento newspaper about WARF and the ACT techniques widely reported last week.

In language that we will not repeat here, Ebert declared that The Bee and those it quoted are wrong about how the ACT technique might affect WARF patents.

California Biomed Still Concerned About CIRM IP

The California biomedical industry wants changes in the state's stem cell agency's plans to divide up the spoils from inventions created by nonprofit research funded by CIRM.

The California Healthcare Institute, BIOCOM, five different California-linked biomed firms and a national group, BIO, all filed objections last week to various aspects of the proposed intellectual policy regulations, which are up for discussion on Tuesday.

Arrayed against them virtually alone was the Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights of Santa Monica, Ca., which said:

"In essence, taxpayers ought not to pay for the same research twice, and research institutions that they fund should not be prevented from non-commercial access to publicly funded research."

The foundation referred to the controversy over an IP provision that would allow California research institutions to use CIRM funded inventions at no cost. But the California Healthcare Institute, which represents the state's biomedical industry, also objected to attempts to provide CIRM-funded therapies at low cost and to provisions for the state to receive roughly 25 percent royalties on CIRM-funded inventions.

David Gollaher, president of the institute, said aspects of the proposed regulations "present unnecessary, improper or overly burdensome requirements likely to undermine the commericail collaboration necessary for the development of new products."

Lila Feisee, managing director of BIO, wrote that "damaging provisions" in the IP rules place CIRM in the position of "standing in the way of the goals it seeks to achieve."

A key item for the businesses is a change in language involving what is known as the research use exemption. In July, the businesses said, the CIRM IP Task Force removed language that would have would have required grant recipients to allow California research institutions use CIRM-financed inventions for research purposes at no cost."

The IP group deleted the provision after business groups objected that it would remove incentives to develop commercial research tools. Somehow similar language has crept back into the proposed rules, in a move that "appears to contradict the public record," according to a letter signed by Applied Biosystems, BIOCOM, Invitrogen Corp., Isis Pharmaceuticals, Sangamo Biosciences and Target Discovery.

Joydeep Goswami, vice president of stem cells and regenerative medicine for Invitrogen, warned that taxpayers should not have to pay "four times" for use of CIRM research.

"If licensing is made unattractive by overbroad...patent protection carve outs, taxpayers will pay four ways: First, they will fund the development of the invention; second, they will have to pay for the development and distribution of the IP; third, they will pay for the royalty revenues lost to the state because the IP has not been commercialized, and finally, they will suffer the costs of not getting research tools and therapeutics to researchers an patients as rapidly and effectively as possible."

John M. Simpson, stem cell director of the taxpayer foundation, told the California Stem Cell Report:

"While we might like to think that universities are benevolent and act in the broad public interest, you just need to look at the way the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation is asserting its stem cell patents to understand this isn't so.

"I think administrators at California institutions are just as likely to be blinded by dollar signs in their eyes as those in Wisconsin.

"We need a research use exemption. It's possible to craft one that meets biotech's concerns and fulfills the vital public interest of keeping all publicly funded research available to other researchers."

Simpson also spoke to the issue of IP for businesses:

"For-profit IP regulations are going to be much more difficult to craft because there is a greater possibility of abuse.

"Funds will almost certainly be given for projects that are much closer to developing products for commercialization and clinical use than is the case with grants to universities and nonprofit institutions.

"That means it's imperative that provisions in the for-profit IP regulations guarantee access and affordability for all Californians to any drugs and cures that are developed as a result of Prop 71 funding to companies. There must be a provision that prevents unfair, egregious profiteering."

On Tuesday, the IP Task Force is scheduled to meet in San Francisco, with remote sites in Los Angeles, Stanford and Irvine, to discuss both non-profit and for-profit regulations. Here is the Task Force Agenda.

Somewhat Differing Views On ACT

Murky and optimistic – two terms applied to the prospects of Advanced Cell Technology, the only island-based stem cell company in California.

Reporter Steve Johnson of the San Jose Mercury News prepared a piece on the business of ACT late last week. He quoted on William Caldwell, CEO of ACT, as being "very optimistic" on his enterprise. Johnson wrote:

"Advanced Cell Technology disclosed that it expects to get $13.5 million in funding from investors. Moreover, the company next year plans to seek federal approval to begin studies in people of its proposed stem-cell treatment for macular degeneration, an eye disease."

Johnson continued:

"The firm has consistently lost money since its inception and last year reported a net loss of $9.4 million. Its revenue from licensing fees and royalties totaled $395,007.

"Consequently, it has resorted to unusual tactics to save
cash.

"When it public last year, for example, it didn't use the usual method of doing an initial public offering. Instead, it chose the cheaper route of taking over an existing public company, acquiring Two Moons Kachinas, which sold kachina dolls used in American Indian ceremonies. Advanced Cell Technology then changed Kachina's stock symbol and is traded on the over-the-counter bulletin board as ACTC.OB.

"Despite a huge jump in its stock price after Wednesday's announcement, the company's stock has fallen from a high of $2.95 a share on Oct. 17 last year to 96 cents at the close of trading Friday. Its future remains murky."

(As for that island business in the first paragraph of this item, it is not widely known that the city of Alameda is on an island in San Francisco Bay. We report that as part of our effort to educate the public about important geographic issues. We are also fond of interesting minutia.)

Vatican to ACT: No Way

How often does the Vatican take on a humble business based on a tiny island in California?

Maybe once.

And that one time came on Saturday when Monsignor Elio Sgreccia, No. 1 in the Vatican on bioethical questions, gave a thumbs down to Advanced Cell Technology's latest development on extraction of embryonic stem cells.

ACT should capture the good monsignor's pronouncement and emblazon it on the walls of their headquarters in Alameda, Ca., which is a city on an island in San Francisco Bay.

Stem Cell Snippets: Interviews to IP

News, press releases and other interesting items related to stem cells in California.

Salary—Earlier, we indicated we would bring you the salary of the new chief communications officer at CIRM. The range for the position is $130,000 to $195,000. He is receiving $180,000.

Strategic Plan – Interviews conducted during the stem cell plan process now stand at 69 and appear to be nearly complete. Here is the list. Here is a rundown on the events and number of persons involved.

IP – The Wellcome Trust, a nearly $20 billion charity in Great Britain funding biomedical research, will be on the agenda next Tuesday at CIRM's latest IP meeting, including its revenue sharing and funding agreements. Also added to the agenda is consideration of "pertinent public comment" on nonprofit IP policy.

Conflicts – Jesse Reynolds of the Center for Genetics and Society criticizes the Connecticut stem cell effort for conflicts of interest, pointing to California as an example not to be emulated.

What About WARF?

The announcement that Advanced Cell Technology has developed a new method for extracting embryonic stem cells has raised questions about its impact on WARF – the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation.

Reporter Jim Downing of The Sacramento Bee quoted Stanford law professor Hank Greely as saying:

"The mere fact … of having a new way to make embryonic stem cells weakens the WARF patents, which I think is a good thing."

Downing continued:

"Greely said that the main complaint with the Wisconsin patents is how the foundation has chosen to enforce them.

"'Stanford and UCSF have the seminal genetic engineering patent, and they … quite cleverly, had very lenient license terms for non-universities -- a relatively small cash amount and a small royalty,' Greely said. 'And the result was, the technology went everywhere and those two universities made a lot of money.'

"By contrast, he said, 'WARF is making enemies.'"

Downing reported that WARF did not respond to two requests for comment. However, the Wisconsin Technology Network did have a general reaction from WARF in a piece by Joe Vanden Plas.

"Andrew Cohn, a spokesman for WARF, said the new method of deriving stem cells should not hurt Wisconsin's standing as a leader in stem-cell research. He also said WiCell, the nation's first stem-cell bank and a subsidiary of WARF, would be interested in helping distribute stem cell lines derived from this method.

"He also said it's too early to tell how the new method would impact WARF's stem cell patents. 'We don't even know what they claim in their patents, but that's the last thing we're concerned about,' Cohn said. 'We need time to dissect and digest its full impact.'"

After the Lights Go Out at CIRM

What happens when the California stem cell party is over? That's one of the questions posed to the agency as it maps a strategy to give away $3 billion. The question is not insignificant. CIRM has only about eight more years left on its clock. The measure that created CIRM gave it a 10-year life, nearly 20 percent of which has expired.

Martin McGlynn, president of StemCells, Inc., of Palo Alto, gave this response:

"I would ask CIRM to clearly define success. Publish a road map to achieve those successes. I would offer two thoughts as to what you might deem success. I look to the notion of what happens when the party is over....:

"There would be Centers of Excellence in the state with a critical mass of world-class talent and a proven track record or diversity at each center in its chosen field of endeavor.

"You would have created a vibrant, sustainable for-profit sector that focuses on applied research and the translation of discoveries into use for the benefit of mankind. Those entities by then should be fundable by more traditional sources of funds.

"The cycle time for the work that needs to be done is twice what VCs wants to see, so get out of blocks quickly, leverage your dollars, and make sure you are the first money to accomplish your mission."

McGlynn was among a number of private sector folks who discussed strategic planning issues last month with CIRM. Their comments are summarized in a 40-page document now available on the Web. The summary adds considerable meat to the skimpy bones of their Power Point presentations.

Here are a few more excerpts.

Bruce Cohen, president and chief executive officer, Cellerant Therapeutics of San Carlos, Ca., on CIRM's goals:

"The taxpayer needs to see a return on this investment. You need to find a way for them to see company and job creation, which will come sooner than cures for some of the debilitating disease we are trying to address. So we need to encourage capital to come in to accelerate new businesses and let existing businesses get bigger.

"You also need to get therapies into the clinic so voters will see a potential change in their lives. You need to accelerate the process by which adult and embryonic stem cells therapies find their way to people. Even if it's an inconclusive Phase I trial, you'll be happy someone with state funding is trying to accelerate the process.

"It's those two things that will make people who voted for this appreciate what’s been done on their behalf."

Sumit K. Chanda, group leader,, Division of Cellular Genomics, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, on core facilities:

"We have started to get into a little bit of stem cell screening. These are the major challenges and possibilities that we have seen using high-throughput screens using stem cells:

"One of the possible solutions that I am proposing is a core facility for screening where everyone in California who is interested in running high-throughput stem cell screens can go. This would be parallel to the NIH roadmap project where they had the MLSCN [Molecular Libraries Screening Centers Network] centers located in different areas in the States.

"The only exception I would make to this is that the NIH had the centers run by academic groups. It is really the private sector that has been making advances in screening in the last 20 years or so, so it might make more sense to have the private sector spearhead a screening facility."

Chanda continued on the subject of cultural roadblocks.

"We have found that there are culture roadblocks between the academic and biotech sectors, even though we have pretty good relationships with various academic groups. We find that the collaborations are very fruitful, but most of our knowledge of what is going on from academic groups comes from publications, which usually do not give you enough information and often occur a couple of years later than the initial discovery."

Ann F. Hanham, managing director, Burrill & Company of San Francisco on "concerns:"

"How much more basic research is going to need to be done? Many of the companies that pitch to our firm are not ready for VC funding yet. They have not worked up their business metrics or their technology or their idea or how much time/resources they need to get to a final product.

"Patents are a huge issue for VCs. We need to protect our investment. If we are going to put capital in, we need to ensure protection of that asset. The University of Wisconsin patents have raised issues about whether we can invest in this field.

"We also need to see a commercialization strategy. Right now, stem cell science is much more on the research side than the development side of the R&D process.
"There are issues to be addressed around manufacturing and the scalability and reproducibility of manufacturing.

"There are questions to be answered such as: Can you pool stem cells? What is the right commercialization strategy? Wow do you become a company and earn back that money that was put in?"

Thomas B. Okarma, president and chief executive officer, Geron Corp. of Menlo Park, Ca.

"My message is going to be straight forward. Because of the depths of your pockets and lack of competition at the state and federal level, we have an opportunity to shape the way the field is developed.

"My take home message to you today is the 'D' word - development. My advice to you is to subordinate research to support development. Don't eliminate the research in R&D, but do the research as necessary to support the 'D.'"

CIRM Replies Re Public Disclosure by Grant Reviewers

Dale A. Carlson, the new chief communications officer for the California stem cell agency, is differing with an earlier item "CIRM, disclosure and conflicts" on the California Stem Cell Report.

Here are his comments verbatim:

"On Tuesday, August 22, you wrote: 'Putting the public universities aside, we suspect that nearly all California agencies require public disclosure of financial interests as opposed to 'secret' disclosure, which is what CIRM does with its reviewers. We base on that on several decades of experience watching California public agencies, but we could be wrong.'

"You are wrong. California public officials are indeed required to disclose their financial interests – only their financial interests – and to make those disclosures public, as specified by the Political Reform Act (PRA). CIRM staff and members of the ICOC are subject to and complying with those requirements.

"Members of CIRM’s working groups are not public officials. They are advisors, not decision-makers. The distinction is clear and well-defined by the PRA, by the Fair Political Practices Commission and by the courts. Like members of advisory bodies and committees at other state agencies, they are therefore not subject to the requirements of the Political Reform Act. Indeed, as a matter of law, advisors to state agencies – including CIRM – are not required to disclose any information about their personal, professional, or financial interests, to the agency or to the public.

"CIRM working group members are, however, subject to disclosure requirements adopted by the ICOC, pursuant to the mandate of Proposition 71.

"The ICOC requires CIRM advisors to disclose financial interests as well as personal and professional ties to grant applicants. We have a more complete picture of the potential conflicts of interests facing our advisors than the public has of any California official subject to the PRA.

"Our advisors’ disclosure statements are available to state auditors. If we find violations of our policies, the discovery will be reported to the legislature, along with corrective actions to ensure they are not repeated.

"Our conflict of interest policies, including our disclosure requirements for advisors, go beyond the requirements of the law, and beyond the practices of other state agencies, including the universities. If there are stronger policies in force, they’ve yet to be identified.

"The success of the CIRM research program and its ability to maintain the confidence of the people of California depends critically upon the agency’s ability to fund the highest quality research proposals, chosen without bias. We want to attract the best people we can find to help evaluate research proposals, and to ensure that the ICOC has sufficient information to make the best decisions possible.

"Our conflict of interest policies strike an appropriate balance, between the public’s confidence in the integrity of our decision-making and the public value of having the country’s best experts involved in the review of grant proposals."

Carlson raises a number of interesting issues, but he does not convince us that CIRM's disclosure rules for grant reviewers "go beyond the rules of other state agencies." Much more can and will be said concerning CIRM and disclosure, but CIRM and the California Stem Cell Report differ fundamentally on one central issue. We consider the grant reviewers de facto decision makers. Yes, legally they are advisors and make only "recommendations." But given the nature of such governmental agencies as CIRM, it is unlikely that reviewer recommendations will be overturned by the Oversight Committee in any significant number of cases. If only because the Oversight Committee will soon have no reviewers if it consistently rejects their recommendations.

We do believe that CIRM's disclosure rules go beyond the usual requirements elsewhere in the nation, as do a number of its other policies. Indeed, CIRM has become a benchmark for other states as well as other nations on stem cell policies.

Stem Cell Stocks Jump on ACT News

This is the kind of news that really captures the attention of those timid souls known as venture capitalists, who have shied away from stem cell enterprises.

On the day Advanced Cell Technology of Alameda, Ca., announced its new method of extracting stem cells from embryos, its stock more than quadrupled. Of course, it did not have far to go. The stock climbed from 42 cents to 1.83. Today the stock closed at $1.60.

The Wall Street Journal reported this afternoon that the ACT news also "pushed up shares of the four largest publicly-traded stem-cell researchers. StemCells advanced six cents, or 2.7%, to 2.31; Aastrom Biosciences added one cent to 1.20; Geron rose 31 cents, or 4.9%, to 6.67; and ViaCell jumped 19 cents, or 5%, to 4."

The 52-week low for ACT's stock price is 26 cents and its 52-week high is $2.95.

Earlier today, reporter David Hamilton wrote in the WSJ:

"Larger pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have mostly steered clear of the field, in part because of the ethical controversy and the lack of federal research support. Advanced Cell Chief Executive William Caldwell, however, said he believes an embryo-safe method of deriving stem cells may help spark large-company interest in the area.

"'I think this is going to help address the problem and the issues they have' with stem-cell derivation, Mr. Caldwell said. Advanced Cell, which is currently raising new funds in a private offering to bolster its meager cash reserves, hopes to sign a development partnership with a larger company by the end of the year."

At mid-afternoon Thursday, the story on ACT in the WSJ did not make the paper's top 10 lists in either the most viewed or most e-mailed categories. But among Web readers of the New York Times, the story was the No. 5 most blogged and No. 6 most e-mailed. At the Los Angeles Times, it was the No. 8 most e-mailed stories but not in the top 10 of most viewed. At the Washington Post, it was the No. 12 most e-mailed story.

Rules for the $100 Million Stem Cell Giveaway

The river of money is beginning to flow, so it is time for some of you to dip your scoop in.

The California stem cell agency has posted detailed information on how to snag a chunk of more than $100 million for research involving embryonic stem cells. The deadlines are coming up quickly.

For those of you who do not work in the Golden State, you are mostly out of luck unless you can finesse the rules that limit the grants to academic and non-profit research institutions in California.

While this round does not include grants to businesses, it would behoove them to examine the current process, which is likely to set a pattern for future grants. CIRM said grants for businesses will not be awarded until intellectual property policies are developed (a hearing on that is scheduled for next Tuesday).

The agency is looking for innovation. One two-year, 30-grant program is called SEED, short for Scientific Excellence through Exploration and Development, and is funded at $24 million. The other program contains more cash -- $80 million over four years –for "comprehensive research grants." That 25-grant program will support "mature, ongoing studies" by scientists with a "record of accomplishment."

The deadline for letters of intent to apply for both programs is Sept. 15 with applications due Oct. 13 for SEED and Nov. 13 for the other grants. In addition to the usual scientific information, applicants are asked to provide a "public abstract" intended to explain the research to the lay public. A statement concerning how the research will benefit California is also required. The letters of intent for both SEED and comprehensive grants ask about sources of stem cells and the names of researchers, collaborators and subcontractors.

The application for comprehensive grants seeks "strong preliminary data." "Particular emphasis will be placed on impact and significance and quality of the research plan," the application says.

The lucky winners are expected to be determined at the CIRM Oversight Committee meetings either in February (SEED) or April (comprehensive grants).

Here are links on the grant program: CIRM press release, SEED letter of intent, SEED application information, comprehensive letter of intent, comprehensive application, discussion of the grant program by the Oversight Committee earlier this month (starts on page 149 of the transcript).

The Scientist Magazine: CIRM, Disclosure and Conflicts

The topic of conflicts of interests and stem cell research is surfacing again in the scientific media. The latest article can be found in The Scientist magazine.

Writer Andrew Holtz reported on the hooha out here in California – although hooha is probably too strong a word, given that the issue is nearly totally ignored by the mainstream media.

Holtz quoted Zach Hall, president of CIRM, as saying its disclosure rules for grant reviewers "go beyond the rules of other state agencies in California and in fact they go beyond the national standards." While we don't like to quibble with the good doctor, we are not sure he is really on target concerning California disclosure rules. Putting the public universities aside, we suspect that nearly all California agencies require public disclosure of financial interests as opposed to "secret" disclosure, which is what CIRM does with its reviewers. We base on that on several decades of experience watching California public agencies, but we could be wrong.

In the case of CIRM, it requires grant reviewers to disclose basically only to the agency itself.

The article quoted John M. Simpson of the Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights as calling for more disclosure because of the multimillion dollar impact of actions by the reviewers.

Holtz also interviewed some of the reviewers concerning their sentiments on public disclosure of their financial information.

"One reviewer, Rainer Storb, from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington, told The Scientist he isn't bothered by the idea of public disclosure of his financial statements. 'The burden is that you have to fill out these forms all the time. That's a bit of a nuisance. But I'm perfectly fine with things being made public,' Storb said.

"Other members of the Grants Review Working Group were either unavailable or said they didn't know enough about the debate to comment. Arlene Chiu,director of scientific activities at CIRM, said many reviewers she had spoken with oppose public disclosure.

"The Director of the Oregon Stem Cell Center, Markus Grompe, who said he was contacted about becoming a reviewer, said his financial ties are already public. 'If they bar you from being involved with biotech to be a reviewer, then that will scare off a majority actually; but if it's just about disclosing it, we disclose all the time,' Grompe said.

"Lisa A. Bero, from the Institute for Health Policy Studies at University of California San Francisco, who has studied conflict of interest issues in medical research, said people have difficulty judging their conflicts of interest. She said the specific CIRM disclosure rules improve upon policies that ask general questions about 'relevant' financial ties, but public
disclosure would still help detect cases where disclosure is less than complete."

For more on this subject, see "immune feelings" and "second tier."